the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 01 Oct 2021
Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo
Abstract. The French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo requires assessment of coastal flooding risks. The first prerequisite is a knowledge of the topography and bathymetry of the bay of Saint-Malo. In addition to existing topo-bathymetric data, the acquisition of new multibeam bathymetric data is performed. The combination of these datasets allows the generation of two high resolution topo-bathymetric digital terrain models. Then, to understand the hydrodynamic conditions which cause coastal flooding, a dense and extensive oceanographic field experiment is conducted. Oceanographic data were acquired using a network of 22 moorings with 37 sensors, during winter 2018–2019. The network included 2 directional buoys, 2 pressure tide gauges, 18 wave pressure gauges, 4 single-point current meters, 7 current profilers and 4 acoustic wave-current profilers from mid-depth (25 m) up to the upper beach and the dike system. The oceanographic dataset provides an overview of hydrodynamics in Saint-Malo bay and wave processes leading to coastal flooding. The combination of high-resolution topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets provides a unique capability for model validation and process studies. The topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets are available freely at doi : https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_GNB_PAPI_SM_20m_WGS84, https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_PORT_SM_PAPI_SM_5m_WGS84, and https://doi.org/10.17183/CAMPAGNE_OCEANO_STMALO.
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RC1: 'Comment on essd-2021-316', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Nov 2021
Comments to « Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo »
by Seyfried et al.
General comments:
The manuscript by Seyfried et al. presents two collections of datasets collected within the frame of the French Flooding Prevention Action Program (PAPI) of Saint-Malo, France. These comprise topo-bathymetric surveys performed recently and those gathered over time, with varying spatial extent and resolution, along with in situ ocean hydrodynamic data collected in intermediate and shallow water depths (tide, surges, currents and wind waves). The manuscript first presents the different sources of topo-bathymetric data and briefly explains how they are merged to form the final digital terrain model (TBDTM) made available to the community at two different spatial resolutions. The hydrodynamic campaign is then described along with the type of instrumentation and the data processing procedures.
First it must be recognized that the collection of such comprehensive datasets requires huge amount of work and resources. The effort to make it available to the community hence must be acknowledged. However, I feel that the overall objectives are not properly set in the manuscript which is, at least in part, due to the fact that no coastal flooding was actually monitored during the entire campaign. The Abstract reads: “The oceanographic dataset provides an overview of hydrodynamics in Saint-Malo bay and wave processes leading to coastal flooding”. In the current form, this is not really the case. The dataset does present an opportunity for better understanding tidal and wave processes across this macrotidal environment, however, the claim that it will help understand further the physical drivers of coastal flooding in this area is clearly not supported in my opinion. At most, this dataset will help validating numerical models with the objective to predict more accurately the transformation of incident waves across Saint-Malo’s Bay and the associated circulation. The type of numerical models targeted is not mentioned, though it is an important point. From what I can see, mostly phase-averaged models would benefit from the present field datasets. However, estimations of wave runup near the coastline or structures and quantifying overtopping processes are essential for accurately assessing coastal flooding risks; such datasets are likely needed and would complement this manuscript and the validation of wave phase or group-resolving numerical models.
In conclusion, I would advise the manuscript its current form against publication but I am pretty convinced that after revising it, it could be a nice contribution in the future. Mostly, I think that the manuscript has to be re-framed, with the ‘coastal flooding’ argument toned down, since it does not report any such event. A list or more or less detailed comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript and the datasets are provided below.
More specific comments:
#1 – I understand that this is a “data paper”, but the writing could be much improved at parts, the Abstract being one very good example. The quality of the figures also have to be improved, with an increased resolution and readability. For instance, hte legends in charts cannot be read at present (e.g. Fig. 1 and 3).
#2 – Please provide the links to the pages in English. I managed to find them, but it took me a while, and one has to know that they exist in English too.
#3 – L37-38, please clarify.
#4 – L46-48: are those lines intended to provide the context/objectives of this study? The overall and specific objectives of the study have to be better scoped and reorganised taking into account the general comments above.
#5 – “few meters per second”?
#6 – L56:”limits understanding of hydrodynamics in the bay”. Besides the English, please expand.
#7 – L60 What do the authors mean by “significant wave fields”?
#8 – L62: the definition of a coastal flood in the area remains to be defined throughout the paper.
#9 – L75: Missing words at the beginning? It reads strangely.
#10 – L87: “final validation by a qualified hydrographer”. This formulation is used too often in my opinion, without much of an explanation. Instead, more details are often desired, especially on a “data paper”. For instance, no error estimates on the various bathymetric data is provided, while this is probably the most essential data for accurately assessing coastal flooding.
#11 – Section 2.2.5: these steps almost sound that the quality of the bathymetry is somehow arbitrarily granted, since the objectives appear to be a smooth-enough surface, without artefacts. Can more details be provided, with quantitative assessments?
#12 - “Finally, the processed data was subjected to final validation by a qualified hydrographer.”. Please explain what this means in the present context. Which criteria have been used to assess the quality of the retrieved water levels?
#13 – Are the tide pressure gauges deployed at the seabed? Otherwise, Eq. 1 is missing the distance from the sensor to the seabed.
#14 – L223: Why not using locally-sourced atmospheric pressure data? The error made on water levels would be reduced.
#15 – L227: This type of calibration is not acceptable for the accuracy desired. All pressure sensors have to be calibrated in the lab beforehand (or theirs curves known). The present procedure only ensures to verify the sensors drift through time.
#16 – L232-235: Much more details on the processing of water levels are needed, including the procedure for the “relocation” in height with respect to the tide gauge of Saint-Malo harbour.
#17 – L251-253: why these threshold values? These seem rather arbitrary.
#18 – L258-260: the problem is poorly described. In order, this should read something like: The dynamic (non-hydrostatic) pressure associated with short wave motions attenuates over depth. To retrieve the free surface elevation, a reconstruction method is thus required. Note that the hydrostatic assumption is one possibility, it just depends on the assumptions made on the wave field’s dispersive properties.
#19 – Why is this important in the present context?
#20 – I found the pressure data from the OSSI poorly organised. Timeseries files should contain the mean water depth per burst, along with the three reconstructed elevations (e.g. for wave-by-wave analysis). In a second file, the PSDs for all reconstructions could be provided per burst, however, water depths are also relevant. Also, it is really not clear why the three reconstructions share different datetime vectors if they are from the same source.
#21 – If I am not mistaken, this is the first mention of AST technology. Please provide more details.
#22 – L273: What do the authors mean by skew surge?
#23 – L277: there are no indications about how the wave setup was computed. Can you please provide further information? Considering the uncertainties on water levels as suggested above and in the manuscript (e.g. slope correction), how reliable are those estimates?
#24 – Figure 5: What is Hm02?
#25 – Appendix A1 and A2; please use proper mathematical Latex formatting (e.g. \cosh for the cosh function), \left( for large left parentheses etc.
#26 – L336-339: this statement is only true in the nearshore area with significant non-linearities in the wave field. For a linear wave field, there is no issue with this method. However, in intermediate water depth, noise in the pressure measurements can become an issue.
Typos/Wording:
Choose a notation: wave setup or set-up.
L50: “is subject”
L52: “during the flood”; “during the ebb”
L54: “significant wave heights up to”
L77: Seabed elevation then?
L87: “subject”
L100: space before “The”
L131: Missing point.
L135: “The conflict resolution”, please rephrase.
L150: “There” instead of “They”
L188: Nearshore bottom slopes are generally provided in %
L201: Figure 4
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-316-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on essd-2021-316', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Apr 2022
Comments to “Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo”
by Seyfried et al.
General comments:
The main theme of the paper is to present spatial data required for the assessment of flood risk. This risk assessment is required when the French Flood Prevention Action Programme is implemented. In addition to the description of high-resolution topo- bathymetric data sets, multisensory uses of oceanographic data were demonstrated. Firstly, a background work on similar subjects was presented. Then the field of research and data sources for the test were described as well as their evaluation. The advantages of the article are that the data are available and that the author clearly shows access to them.
My first impression and concern about understanding the article refer to the methods of measurement used in the experiment. The abstract refers to the existing topo-bathymetric measurements and new multibeam bathymetry data. It is crucial to identify the period of origin of specific data and how measurements were conducted in order to estimate the difference between these methods. Usually, the data from topo bathymetry scanners and the multibeam bathymetric data are recorded on the same day or within a few days. In addition, I did not understand the dynamics of the changes in the coastal regions in order to understand the time aspects of the measurement process. Geomorphological structures have an especially important role in extreme events. Thus, I found no connection between the methods in the article and direct flood risk assessment. The data modelling process and evaluation when such an event occurs are key to understanding the need for such an experiment.
In summary, I think that the correlation between spatial data collected and numerical modelling during floods is not well marked. The second aspect is uncertainty about the relevance of the data set and coastal dynamics (in order to evaluate their effects and usefulness on the model). The third aspect is the proper conduct of the discussion. It is unclear how the methodology proposed can help understand physical phenomena. In my opinion, using existing flood risk assessment models (such as the national model) could be helpful.
A more detailed list of comments follows.
- Abstract: What periods are the data from ? How accurate are they ? How does this accuracy affect the model validation ? How was the evaluation of such a solution proposed and what results were obtained ? In my opinion, Abstract should be the quintessence of the Authors' message.
- Lines 15-20. Please provide references. In climate change, apart from the increase in sea level itself, extreme event frequency plays a very important role.
- Line 20. Would it be possible to insert a reference to this institution?
- Line 37. What does “many other marine environmental issues” mean?
- Line 41-46. A number of risk analysis variables are mentioned. What goals have been set in relation to them? What were the expected results? What was the empirical test that was validated like? In my opinion, this must end with paragraph.
- Line 53. Is the range correct?
- Paragraph 1.2 is not clear on the hydrodynamics. Maybe it could be presented more clearly ? For example, referring to the variables mentioned in the background that affect the quality of the analysis.
- In what time frame was the data obtained? What was their validation like? What is their quality in relation to the variables that appeared earlier in the article? Line 87. The Authors indicated that the data is being processed by a qualified hydrographer. What does it mean ? What does such a process look like?
- Paragraph 2.1.2 What parameters have been used to obtain the DTM ?
- Paragraph 2.1.3 What data are related spatially and temporally ?
- Line 160. This assessment is not clear. Is it possible to present it in a statistical / quantitative form?
- What percentage of the total are artifacts? What does this matter when determining the final result?
- Paragraph 3.1.1 Can evidence of sensor calibration be provided?
Minor Comments:
It is necessary to improve the readability of drawings
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-316-RC2
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on essd-2021-316', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Nov 2021
Comments to « Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo »
by Seyfried et al.
General comments:
The manuscript by Seyfried et al. presents two collections of datasets collected within the frame of the French Flooding Prevention Action Program (PAPI) of Saint-Malo, France. These comprise topo-bathymetric surveys performed recently and those gathered over time, with varying spatial extent and resolution, along with in situ ocean hydrodynamic data collected in intermediate and shallow water depths (tide, surges, currents and wind waves). The manuscript first presents the different sources of topo-bathymetric data and briefly explains how they are merged to form the final digital terrain model (TBDTM) made available to the community at two different spatial resolutions. The hydrodynamic campaign is then described along with the type of instrumentation and the data processing procedures.
First it must be recognized that the collection of such comprehensive datasets requires huge amount of work and resources. The effort to make it available to the community hence must be acknowledged. However, I feel that the overall objectives are not properly set in the manuscript which is, at least in part, due to the fact that no coastal flooding was actually monitored during the entire campaign. The Abstract reads: “The oceanographic dataset provides an overview of hydrodynamics in Saint-Malo bay and wave processes leading to coastal flooding”. In the current form, this is not really the case. The dataset does present an opportunity for better understanding tidal and wave processes across this macrotidal environment, however, the claim that it will help understand further the physical drivers of coastal flooding in this area is clearly not supported in my opinion. At most, this dataset will help validating numerical models with the objective to predict more accurately the transformation of incident waves across Saint-Malo’s Bay and the associated circulation. The type of numerical models targeted is not mentioned, though it is an important point. From what I can see, mostly phase-averaged models would benefit from the present field datasets. However, estimations of wave runup near the coastline or structures and quantifying overtopping processes are essential for accurately assessing coastal flooding risks; such datasets are likely needed and would complement this manuscript and the validation of wave phase or group-resolving numerical models.
In conclusion, I would advise the manuscript its current form against publication but I am pretty convinced that after revising it, it could be a nice contribution in the future. Mostly, I think that the manuscript has to be re-framed, with the ‘coastal flooding’ argument toned down, since it does not report any such event. A list or more or less detailed comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript and the datasets are provided below.
More specific comments:
#1 – I understand that this is a “data paper”, but the writing could be much improved at parts, the Abstract being one very good example. The quality of the figures also have to be improved, with an increased resolution and readability. For instance, hte legends in charts cannot be read at present (e.g. Fig. 1 and 3).
#2 – Please provide the links to the pages in English. I managed to find them, but it took me a while, and one has to know that they exist in English too.
#3 – L37-38, please clarify.
#4 – L46-48: are those lines intended to provide the context/objectives of this study? The overall and specific objectives of the study have to be better scoped and reorganised taking into account the general comments above.
#5 – “few meters per second”?
#6 – L56:”limits understanding of hydrodynamics in the bay”. Besides the English, please expand.
#7 – L60 What do the authors mean by “significant wave fields”?
#8 – L62: the definition of a coastal flood in the area remains to be defined throughout the paper.
#9 – L75: Missing words at the beginning? It reads strangely.
#10 – L87: “final validation by a qualified hydrographer”. This formulation is used too often in my opinion, without much of an explanation. Instead, more details are often desired, especially on a “data paper”. For instance, no error estimates on the various bathymetric data is provided, while this is probably the most essential data for accurately assessing coastal flooding.
#11 – Section 2.2.5: these steps almost sound that the quality of the bathymetry is somehow arbitrarily granted, since the objectives appear to be a smooth-enough surface, without artefacts. Can more details be provided, with quantitative assessments?
#12 - “Finally, the processed data was subjected to final validation by a qualified hydrographer.”. Please explain what this means in the present context. Which criteria have been used to assess the quality of the retrieved water levels?
#13 – Are the tide pressure gauges deployed at the seabed? Otherwise, Eq. 1 is missing the distance from the sensor to the seabed.
#14 – L223: Why not using locally-sourced atmospheric pressure data? The error made on water levels would be reduced.
#15 – L227: This type of calibration is not acceptable for the accuracy desired. All pressure sensors have to be calibrated in the lab beforehand (or theirs curves known). The present procedure only ensures to verify the sensors drift through time.
#16 – L232-235: Much more details on the processing of water levels are needed, including the procedure for the “relocation” in height with respect to the tide gauge of Saint-Malo harbour.
#17 – L251-253: why these threshold values? These seem rather arbitrary.
#18 – L258-260: the problem is poorly described. In order, this should read something like: The dynamic (non-hydrostatic) pressure associated with short wave motions attenuates over depth. To retrieve the free surface elevation, a reconstruction method is thus required. Note that the hydrostatic assumption is one possibility, it just depends on the assumptions made on the wave field’s dispersive properties.
#19 – Why is this important in the present context?
#20 – I found the pressure data from the OSSI poorly organised. Timeseries files should contain the mean water depth per burst, along with the three reconstructed elevations (e.g. for wave-by-wave analysis). In a second file, the PSDs for all reconstructions could be provided per burst, however, water depths are also relevant. Also, it is really not clear why the three reconstructions share different datetime vectors if they are from the same source.
#21 – If I am not mistaken, this is the first mention of AST technology. Please provide more details.
#22 – L273: What do the authors mean by skew surge?
#23 – L277: there are no indications about how the wave setup was computed. Can you please provide further information? Considering the uncertainties on water levels as suggested above and in the manuscript (e.g. slope correction), how reliable are those estimates?
#24 – Figure 5: What is Hm02?
#25 – Appendix A1 and A2; please use proper mathematical Latex formatting (e.g. \cosh for the cosh function), \left( for large left parentheses etc.
#26 – L336-339: this statement is only true in the nearshore area with significant non-linearities in the wave field. For a linear wave field, there is no issue with this method. However, in intermediate water depth, noise in the pressure measurements can become an issue.
Typos/Wording:
Choose a notation: wave setup or set-up.
L50: “is subject”
L52: “during the flood”; “during the ebb”
L54: “significant wave heights up to”
L77: Seabed elevation then?
L87: “subject”
L100: space before “The”
L131: Missing point.
L135: “The conflict resolution”, please rephrase.
L150: “There” instead of “They”
L188: Nearshore bottom slopes are generally provided in %
L201: Figure 4
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-316-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on essd-2021-316', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Apr 2022
Comments to “Topo-bathymetric and oceanographic datasets for coastal flooding risk assessment: French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo”
by Seyfried et al.
General comments:
The main theme of the paper is to present spatial data required for the assessment of flood risk. This risk assessment is required when the French Flood Prevention Action Programme is implemented. In addition to the description of high-resolution topo- bathymetric data sets, multisensory uses of oceanographic data were demonstrated. Firstly, a background work on similar subjects was presented. Then the field of research and data sources for the test were described as well as their evaluation. The advantages of the article are that the data are available and that the author clearly shows access to them.
My first impression and concern about understanding the article refer to the methods of measurement used in the experiment. The abstract refers to the existing topo-bathymetric measurements and new multibeam bathymetry data. It is crucial to identify the period of origin of specific data and how measurements were conducted in order to estimate the difference between these methods. Usually, the data from topo bathymetry scanners and the multibeam bathymetric data are recorded on the same day or within a few days. In addition, I did not understand the dynamics of the changes in the coastal regions in order to understand the time aspects of the measurement process. Geomorphological structures have an especially important role in extreme events. Thus, I found no connection between the methods in the article and direct flood risk assessment. The data modelling process and evaluation when such an event occurs are key to understanding the need for such an experiment.
In summary, I think that the correlation between spatial data collected and numerical modelling during floods is not well marked. The second aspect is uncertainty about the relevance of the data set and coastal dynamics (in order to evaluate their effects and usefulness on the model). The third aspect is the proper conduct of the discussion. It is unclear how the methodology proposed can help understand physical phenomena. In my opinion, using existing flood risk assessment models (such as the national model) could be helpful.
A more detailed list of comments follows.
- Abstract: What periods are the data from ? How accurate are they ? How does this accuracy affect the model validation ? How was the evaluation of such a solution proposed and what results were obtained ? In my opinion, Abstract should be the quintessence of the Authors' message.
- Lines 15-20. Please provide references. In climate change, apart from the increase in sea level itself, extreme event frequency plays a very important role.
- Line 20. Would it be possible to insert a reference to this institution?
- Line 37. What does “many other marine environmental issues” mean?
- Line 41-46. A number of risk analysis variables are mentioned. What goals have been set in relation to them? What were the expected results? What was the empirical test that was validated like? In my opinion, this must end with paragraph.
- Line 53. Is the range correct?
- Paragraph 1.2 is not clear on the hydrodynamics. Maybe it could be presented more clearly ? For example, referring to the variables mentioned in the background that affect the quality of the analysis.
- In what time frame was the data obtained? What was their validation like? What is their quality in relation to the variables that appeared earlier in the article? Line 87. The Authors indicated that the data is being processed by a qualified hydrographer. What does it mean ? What does such a process look like?
- Paragraph 2.1.2 What parameters have been used to obtain the DTM ?
- Paragraph 2.1.3 What data are related spatially and temporally ?
- Line 160. This assessment is not clear. Is it possible to present it in a statistical / quantitative form?
- What percentage of the total are artifacts? What does this matter when determining the final result?
- Paragraph 3.1.1 Can evidence of sensor calibration be provided?
Minor Comments:
It is necessary to improve the readability of drawings
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-316-RC2
Data sets
Sea cruise French Flooding Prevention Action Program of Saint-Malo Héloïse Michaud https://doi.org/10.17183/CAMPAGNE_OCEANO_STMALO
Coastal topo-bathymetric DEM of the harbor of Saint-Malo and its surroundings SHOM DOPS/STM/BATHY/PROD https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_PORT_SM_PAPI_SM_5m_WGS84
Coastal topo-bathymetric DEM of a part of the Norman-Breton gulf SHOM DOPS/STM/BATHY/PROD https://doi.org/10.17183/MNT_COTIER_GNB_PAPI_SM_20m_WGS84
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