Articles | Volume 5, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
04 Apr 2013
Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products
C. L. Sabine
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
S. Hankin
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
H. Koyuk
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
D. C. E. Bakker
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
B. Pfeil
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
PANGAEA Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Uni Bjerknes Centre, Bergen, Norway
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
N. Metzl
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
A. Kozyr
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
A. Fassbender
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
A. Manke
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
J. Malczyk
Jetz Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
J. Akl
CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
S. R. Alin
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
R. G. J. Bellerby
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
formerly at: Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
A. Borges
University of Liège, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique, Liège, Belgium
J. Boutin
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
P. J. Brown
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
W.-J. Cai
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
F. P. Chavez
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, USA
A. Chen
Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
C. Cosca
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
R. A. Feely
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
M. González-Dávila
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
C. Goyet
Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyse en Géo-Environnement et Santé, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
N. Hardman-Mountford
CSIRO, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia
formerly at: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
C. Heinze
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
M. Hoppema
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
C. W. Hunt
Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
D. Hydes
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
M. Ishii
Japan Meteorological Agency, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
T. Johannessen
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
R. M. Key
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
A. Körtzinger
GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
P. Landschützer
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
S. K. Lauvset
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
N. Lefèvre
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
A. Lenton
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
A. Lourantou
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
L. Merlivat
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, LOCEAN/IPSL, Paris, France
T. Midorikawa
Nagasaki Marine Observatory, Nagasaki, Japan
L. Mintrop
MARIANDA, Kiel, Germany
C. Miyazaki
Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
A. Murata
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
A. Nakadate
Marine Division, Global Environment and Marine Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Nakano
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
S. Nakaoka
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Y. Nojiri
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
A. M. Omar
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
X. A. Padin
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Spain
G.-H. Park
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
K. Paterson
CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
F. F. Perez
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Spain
D. Pierrot
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
A. Poisson
Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyse en Géo-Environnement et Santé, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
A. F. Ríos
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Vigo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Vigo, Spain
J. Salisbury
Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
J. M. Santana-Casiano
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
V. V. S. S. Sarma
National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
R. Schlitzer
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
B. Schneider
Leibnitz Research Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
U. Schuster
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
R. Sieger
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
I. Skjelvan
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
T. Steinhoff
GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
T. Suzuki
Marine Information Research Center, Japan Hydrographic Association, Tokyo, Japan
T. Takahashi
Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA
K. Tedesco
International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
formerly at: International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France
M. Telszewski
International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
formerly at: International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France
H. Thomas
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada
B. Tilbrook
CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
D. Vandemark
Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
T. Veness
Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
A. J. Watson
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
R. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
C. S. Wong
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
H. Yoshikawa-Inoue
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Abstract. As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO2) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions).
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How to cite. Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.: Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 145–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013, 2013.
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