the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 25 Oct 2023
A quality-assured dataset of nine radiation components observed at the Shangdianzi regional GAW station in China (2013−2022)
Zhenfa Wang
Lin Qiao
Xiangdong Zheng
Junli Jin
Yinruo Li
Xiaomei Yin
Zhiqiang Ma
Abstract. A New Baseline Surface Radiation (NBSR) system was established at the Shangdianzi (SDZ) regional Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station in 2013 to observe nine broadband radiation components, i.e., the global-, direct-, diffuse-, and upwelling-shortwave irradiance (GSWI, DSWI, DifSWI, and UpSWI) as well as the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ultraviolet irradiance (UVAI; UVBI), down- and up-welling long-wave irradiance (DnLWI; UpLWI). To test the 1-min raw radiometric data, a Hybrid Algorithm for Radiation Data Quality Control (HARDQC) is presented in this study based on well-established methods together with the solar irradiance dataset and the spectral features of the instrument bands. Subsequently, an NBSR dataset, which consists of multi-time scale (i.e. 1-min, hourly, daily, monthly, monthly average hourly, and monthly average daily) radiation datasets over 2013–2022, is established and evaluated. Results show that more than 98.7 % of all radiation components passed the physical possibility test. The percentages passed the extremely rare test are greater than 98.6 % for all radiation components except for the DnLWI (97.1 %). The percentages passed the comparison test are greater than 83.3 % (GSWI), 78.3 % (DSWI), 81.7 % (DifSWI), 93.1 % (UpSWI), 88.9 % (PARI), 95.6 % (UVAI), 96.3 % (UVBI), 99.8 % (DnLWI), and 99.7 % (UpLWI), respectively. Due to data logger faults, removal of the instruments for calibration, and lightning strokes, some apparent data gaps in the upwelling radiation components (January 2015–August 2017) and all radiation components (December 2018; July to September 2021) were detected. Despite the existence of a few imperfections in the NBSR dataset, it is still reliable to apply in many fields such as the validation of satellite products and numerical models, investigation of relationships between radiation and atmospheric composition, and the detection of changes in the surface fluxes.
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Weijun Quan et al.
Status: final response (author comments only)
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RC1: 'Comment on essd-2023-260', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Nov 2023
This study established and evaluated a quality-assured and relatively long-term dataset (2013-2022) comprising nine radiation components observed at the Shangdianzi regional Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station. This dataset serves as a crucial foundation for investigating solar radiation variations, validating satellite products, and model simulations, among other applications. The manuscript detailly outlines the quality control procedures, assesses data integrity, and provides explanations for data gaps. Additionally, a concise analysis of diurnal variations is included, demonstrating clear logic and well-organized content. While this study is of utmost significance, a few minor concerns should be addressed, as detailed below:
- Although the quality control procedures have encompassed essential tests, such as the physically possible limits test, extremely rare limits test, and comparison test between radiation components, it is worth considering additional challenges encountered when measuring solar radiation, such as addressing zero offsets in pyranometers and conducting tracker-off tests. Providing insights into how these issues were addressed would enhance the paper's completeness.
- Regarding the calculation of monthly average solar radiation from daily values, two specific aspects require clarification: (1) handling data gaps in the daily time series and (2) establishing a threshold for the ratio of daily observations to account for days in a month. Elaborating on these aspects, including strategies for addressing data gaps and specifying the threshold criteria, would improve transparency.
- The omission of annual average solar radiation and an in-depth analysis of changes from 2013 to 2022 is a notable gap. To enhance the study, it is recommended to extend the analysis by incorporating interannual variation and trend analysis. This addition would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dataset's temporal dynamics.
Please consider addressing the above-mentioned points to further refine the manuscript.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-260-RC1 - AC1: 'Reply on RC1', W. J. Quan, 22 Nov 2023
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RC2: 'Comment on essd-2023-260', Anonymous Referee #2, 11 Nov 2023
This manuscript reported 10 years of measurement of nine radiation components at the Shangdianzi station in China. The important details regarding measurement and quality control are well explained, making this dataset of great value to the community. The manuscript is well written and potential application of the dataset is discussed. I recommend publication of this work and I only have minor comments.
Section 3.2. The instruments for several radiation components have changed over the years, such as for Inb, Id. Were any cross-validation or instrument performance comparisons done for these instruments? Instruments with the same model and manufacturer can sometimes behave differently, so it is important to make the comparison.
Section 3.2.2. What is the frequency of instrument maintenance and calibration? I only see each instrument being calibrated once at the manufacturer and then they are used for several years. Is this frequency sufficient for high-quality measurement?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-260-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', W. J. Quan, 22 Nov 2023
Weijun Quan et al.
Weijun Quan et al.
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