https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/ Combined list of the recent articles of the journal Earth System Science Data and the recent discussion forum Earth System Science Data Discussions en https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4793-2026 A global dataset of δ13C-CH4 source signatures and associated uncertainties (1998–2022), with a sensitivity analysis to support isotopic inversions Emeline Tapin, Antoine Berchet, Adrien Martinez, Malika Menoud, Joël Thanwerdas, Xin Lan, Edward Malina, Daniele Gasbarra, and Marielle Saunois Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4793–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4793-2026, 2026 We present global δ¹³C-CH₄ source signature maps (1998–2022) at 1°×1° resolution for five emission sectors and 11 sub-sectors, with quantified uncertainties. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric transport model assess how uncertainties in emissions, isotopic signatures, OH sinks, and kinetic isotope effects influence atmospheric δ¹³C-CH₄ and CH₄, providing guidance for isotopic inversions. Fri, 10 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4771-2026 Oceanographic dataset of the near-shore water column of the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, during the ice-free season Emilie Arseneault, Neha Joshi, Julie Carrière, and Émilie Saulnier-Talbot Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4771–4791, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4771-2026, 2026 Coastal waters are strongly influenced by climate change and human activities, making regular monitoring essential. We examined how water temperature, salinity, and primary production change during the ice-free season along the Sept-Îles coast (Qc, Canada). We found seasonal variation of the parameters and peaks of primary production at specific depths and months. These results provide a baseline to track future environmental changes. Fri, 10 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-386 CAMELS-PE: Hydrometeorological time series and catchment attributes for 136 catchments in Peru Harold Llauca, Cristian Montesinos-Caceres, Max Gutierrez-Reynaga, and Waldo Lavado-Casimiro Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-386,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Peru has very diverse rivers, from dry Pacific basins to wet Amazon headwaters, but information is often scattered and hard to compare. We created CAMELS-PE, an open dataset for 136 Peruvian catchments. It brings together daily water and weather records, river flow estimates, maps, and catchment characteristics in a common format. The dataset will help researchers and practitioners study floods, droughts, climate impacts, and water resources across Peru and South America. Fri, 10 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-469 Dataset of daily vertical displacements observed by GPS between 1994 and 2023 for hydrogeodetic studies over Europe Anna Klos, Jürgen Kusche, Anne Springer, Artur Lenczuk, Yorck Ewerdwalbesloh, Christian Mielke, Susanna Werth, Jan Mikocki, Kinga Klos, Jakub Rados, Malgorzata Sieczak, and Janusz Bogusz Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-469,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) We provide long, daily displacement time series from thousands of stations across Europe, which have been carefully preselected to study hydrospheric changes in long-term, seasonal and short-term temporal scales. These changes correlate well with precipitation, dry and wet periods. This dataset provides a more detailed picture of regional changes in hydrosphere than previously available datasets. Fri, 10 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4745-2026 CAMELS-FI: hydrometeorological time series and landscape properties for 320 catchments in Finland Iiro Seppä, Carlos Gonzales Inca, Jari Uusikivi, and Petteri Alho Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4745–4769, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4745-2026, 2026 This study introduces CAMELS-FI (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies-Finland), an extensive, consistent, high quality and easily usable hydro-meteorological dataset for 320 catchments in Finland. For each catchment, it includes daily streamflow data of up to 63 years (1961–2023) at the pour point of the catchment, daily catchment averaged meteorology for 14 variables for the full 63 years and 85 “static” attributes describing metadata of the stream gauges and the catchments, biogeophysical and societal attributes. Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-282 A physically guided deep learning reconstruction of terrestrial water storage anomalies at 0.1° across China Xueying Li, Yan Sun, Xihui Gu, Niko Wanders, Bridget R. Scanlon, and Louise J. Slater Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-282,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Existing datasets of terrestrial water storage anomalies are too coarse to capture sub-regional variations, limiting understanding of fine-scale water processes. Here we use physically guided deep learning to produce a higher-resolution dataset across China for 2002–2023, increasing spatial detail from 3° to 0.1° resolution. The dataset preserves large-scale satellite observations and shows good consistency in process-based evaluations, supporting sub-regional hydrologic analysis. Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-450 KRILLBASE-larvae: a database of abundance of eggs and larval stages of Euphausia superba in the Southern Ocean spanning 1926–2024 Angus Atkinson, Evgeny Pakhomov, Simeon Hill, Guang Yang, Emilce Rombola, Peter Ward, Christian Reiss, Katrin Schmidt, Valentina Kasyan, Geraint Tarling, Cecilia Liszka, Emma Cavan, and Petra ten Hoopen Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-450,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Antarctic krill are a key species in the Southern Ocean and support a major fishery. Knowledge of their early life cycle is key to understanding krill population dynamics and essential for fisheries management in a warming climate. Here we have put together a series of fragmented datasets on the various larval stages spanning 1926–2024 into a single database of 10,762 circumpolar net-sampling abundance records. Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-452 SETP_GLI: An annual 10–30 m glacial lake inventory for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2025 Hao Li, Jie Dou, Timothy Kusky, Shun Dong, Zihao Shi, Jie Li, Xinjian Xiang, and Fange Ding Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-452,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Climate change is melting glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau, creating lakes that can burst and cause floods. To track this, we used artificial intelligence to analyze thirty-six years of satellite images from 1990 to 2025. We discovered these mountain lakes are expanding quickly, with growth accelerating over the last decade. This new dataset will help predict future flood risks, manage water resources, and protect downstream communities. Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-474 Glacial-Lake-Bench: A Global Multi-Sensor Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating Deep Learning Models for Glacial Lake Mapping Saurabh Kaushik, Beth Tellman, Ian Howat, and Umesh Haritashya Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-474,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) Glaicer melt results into expansion of the lakes they leave behind are growing and can burst without warning, endangering millions of people downstream. To help computers map these lakes worldwide, we built a large, freely shared collection of satellite images paired with accurate lake outlines covering mountain ranges across the globe. Testing showed maps stay reliable even in new regions, giving scientists and safety agencies a stronger tool to track this fast-changing flood hazard. Thu, 09 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4725-2026 The first decadal-scale ground-based microwave radiometer dataset in China: brightness temperature and thermodynamic profiles from Xianghe (2013–2022) Yueyuan Gong, Wenying He, Disong Fu, Xiang'ao Xia, Hongrong Shi, Weidong Nan, Pucai Wang, and Hongbin Chen Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4725–4744, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4725-2026, 2026 We built China's first ten-year record from a ground-based microwave sensor that tracks temperature and humidity above Xianghe. After checking data quality and separating clear, cloudy, and rainy periods, we produced reliable one- to ten-minute data for 2013-2022. Improved methods reduced errors in temperature and humidity estimates. The record shows that winter cold air is often trapped near the ground, especially during heavy fine-particle pollution, supporting weather and air-quality studies. Wed, 08 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4697-2026 Unified Global Landslide Catalogue (UGLC): a single, standardised global-scale landslide dataset Saverio Mancino, Anna Sblano, Francesco Paolo Lovergine, Vincenzo Massimi, Tushar Sethi, Domenico Capolongo, and Giuseppe Amatulli Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4697–4723, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4697-2026, 2026 Landslides can cause loss of life and damage to communities. This study presents a global catalogue of more than one million events collected from many open sources between 1700 and 2023. The data were organised into a consistent structure to make them easier to explore and compare. The catalogue can support large-scale analyses and help improve understanding of where and when landslides occur. Tue, 07 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-296 The Cooling Efficiency Factor Index (CEFI): A New Satellite-Based Dataset for Research and Operational Monitoring of Land Surface Processes Matteo Zampieri, Marco Girardello, Saquib Md Saharwardi, Guido Ceccherini, Emanuele Massaro, Mirco Migliavacca, Ibrahim Hoteit, and Alessandro Cescatti Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-296,2026 Preprint under review for ESSD (discussion: open, 0 comments) The Cooling Efficiency Factor Index (CEFI) is a new satellite-based dataset that shows how effectively the land surface cools itself by releasing heat to the air. It is updated in near real time from 2005 onward across Europe, Africa, and nearby regions. The dataset reveals drought stress in vegetation, wind-driven dust in deserts, fire risk, crop losses, and urban heat susceptibility. It offers a practical tool for research and early warning systems. Tue, 07 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4639-2026 The 2024 release of the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFDB): quality assessment, metadata standards, and a century of geothermal data Florian Neumann, Ben Norden, Elif Balkan-Pazvantoğlu, Samah Elbarbary, Alexey G. Petrunin, Kirsten Elger, Samuel Jennings, Viktoria Dergunova, and Sven Fuchs Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4639–4668, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4639-2026, 2026 The Global Heat Flow Database grew from 58,302 data points in 2012 to 91,182 in 2024, with enhanced quality assessments. Despite this, gaps in data and methodological details persist, especially in underrepresented regions. The database is crucial for geophysical, geothermal, and environmental research, offering valuable insights into Earth's thermal processes. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4677-2026 Earthquake catalog and continuous waveforms from a two-week distributed acoustic sensing experiment on Kefalonia Island, Greece Gian Maria Bocchini, Emanuele Bozzi, Marco P. Roth, Sonja Gaviano, Giulio Pascucci, Francesco Grigoli, Ettore Biondi, Efthimios Sokos, and Rebecca M. Harrington Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4677–4695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4677-2026, 2026 This study uses two weeks of new distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data together with recordings from the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network to construct a detailed catalog of small earthquakes around Kefalonia Island (Greece). The analysis identifies and locates thousands of microearthquakes, many clustered offshore northwest of Kefalonia. The publicly available dataset includes the earthquake catalog and continuous DAS waveforms. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4617-2026 Attention enhanced 3D-U-Net+ +  ocean temperature and salinity reconstruction in the northwestern Pacific based on transfer learning Hao Wang, Linlin Zhang, Shuguo Yang, Xiaomei Yan, and Zhen Li Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4617–4638, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4617-2026, 2026 This study develops a new method to reconstruct daily three-dimensional ocean temperature and salinity fields in the northwestern Pacific using only real-time sea surface temperature and height data. By combining deep learning and attention mechanisms, the approach captures complex vertical structures and temporal changes. The results provide more accurate and consistent subsurface information, helping improve ocean monitoring and climate research. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4669-2026 Extending the late 1963 to 1964 Mt Agung rescued searchlight aerosol profiles dataset at 32° N, from early 1963 to 1975 Juan Carlos Antuña-Marrero, Abel Calle, Juan Antonio Añel, Victoria Cachorro, Laura de la Torre, David Barriopedro, Ricardo García Herrera, and Javier Pacheco Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4669–4676, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4669-2026, 2026 New rescued searchlight stratospheric aerosol profiles (SSAEP) at 32° N extent the recovered SAP from late 1963 to 1964 to early 1963 to 1976. It covers 1963 Agung and 1974 Fuego volcanic eruptions and background conditions in between. Early 1963 perturbed SSAEP challenges currently assumed northern hemisphere arrival in second half of 1963. The extended dataset will contribute to advance our limited knowledge and understanding of the Agung stratospheric aerosol transport. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4593-2026 A four-decade global Lagrangian air-parcel trajectory dataset for atmospheric moisture and heat analysis Victoria M. H. Deman, Damián Insua-Costa, Jessica Keune, Akash Koppa, and Diego G. Miralles Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4593–4615, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4593-2026, 2026 We present a global dataset that follows the movement of air carrying water and heat through the atmosphere from 1979 to 2024. Using weather reanalysis data, we tracked millions of air parcels and recorded their physical properties as they moved through the atmosphere. The dataset can be used to reveal where rainfall and warming originate and how they travel across land and ocean. This dataset can support climate and water studies without the need for costly simulations. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4523-2026 Mapping global onshore wind turbines using multi-source remote sensing images and hybrid learning approaches Shujun Li, Jianchuan Qi, Yongze Song, and Peng Wang Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4523–4536, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4523-2026, 2026 Wind power plays a crucial role in the global transition to clean energy. Here, we developed an innovative approach that integrates public mapping resources and AI models to generate a comprehensive global inventory of onshore wind turbines. The resulting dataset documents 416 532 onshore wind turbine installations worldwide. As an open-access resource, this dataset can support sustainable renewable energy development and optimization. Fri, 03 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4563-2026 NZ-BeachTopo30: a national-scale and full-coverage 30 m beach topography dataset for New Zealand reconstructed by fusing ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 Yuhao Wang, Hao Xu, Nan Xu, Edward Park, Xuejiao Hou, Jiayi Fang, Zhen Zhang, Yongjing Mao, Huichao Xin, Chunpeng Chen, Yinxia Cao, Yifu Ou, Xinyue Gu, Wenyu Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Conghong Huang, and Qingquan Li Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4563–4591, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4563-2026, 2026 We developed NZ-BeachTopo30, a full-coverage 30 m beach topography dataset for New Zealand, by integrating Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) and Sentinel-2 data with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). It expands valid intertidal coverage by 145.8 % and achieves a 0.94 m root mean square error against airborne light detection and ranging (airborne LiDAR) data, supporting sea-level rise and coastal erosion planning. Fri, 03 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4537-2026 SYSU TWSA v1.0: global high-resolution terrestrial water storage anomalies via satellite gravimetry Yuhao Xiong, Wei Feng, Jun Huang, Hongbing Bai, Guangyu Jian, and Min Zhong Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 4537–4561, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-4537-2026, 2026 Freshwater stored on land is changing, but detailed global datasets of terrestrial water storage anomalies remain scarce. By combining satellite gravity observations with hydrological model outputs and glacier- and lake-defined mass concentration groups, we created a monthly high-resolution global dataset for April 2002 to December 2022. Tests show close agreement across river basins, better water-balance consistency in small basins, and better consistency with groundwater well observations. Fri, 03 Jul 2026 13:12:31 +0200