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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-737</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>SCS-TCWave: an event-based hindcast dataset of typhoon waves and reconstructed wind fields for the South China Sea (1979&amp;ndash;2025)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fang</surname>
<given-names>Feifan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5529-6291</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Yifeng</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6097-1679</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>Peng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Binzhen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>24</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Feifan Fang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-737/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-737/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-737/essd-2026-737.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-737/essd-2026-737.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Extreme-wave estimates for the South China Sea (SCS) depend on the peak sea states of tropical cyclones, yet reanalysis winds smooth the storm core and no openly archived, event-resolved typhoon wave record exists for the basin. We present SCS-TCWave, an event-based hindcast of the 480 tropical cyclones that reached tropical storm intensity inside the SCS during 1979&amp;ndash;2025. Each event is forced by 10-m winds reconstructed from best-track records (a Holland-type vortex with motion asymmetry and far-field gale-radius anchoring, blended into ERA5) and simulated with SWAN on one-way nested 0.25&amp;deg;/0.05&amp;deg; grids under a frozen, fully audited configuration. Each event ships three CF-1.8 NetCDF layers: hourly wave fields, the reconstructed wind forcing, and an extreme-value catalogue of per-cell event maxima. Validation against 64,529 calibrated altimeter super-observations from 187 events shows near-zero bias in background sea states and a single-signed core overestimation that grows with intensity (+1.15 to +2.99 m within 100 km of the centre). A distance-binned multiplicative correction annex with bootstrap confidence intervals centres the per-event peak distribution: the median relative error of per-event maxima moves from +9.5 % raw to &amp;minus;1.4 % corrected, with 78 % of events within &amp;plusmn;25 %. At the highest observed peak (9.4 m, Pearl River estuary, Typhoon Mangkhut) the product stays within &amp;plusmn;25 % where an identically configured ERA5-forced run does not; beyond 400 km ERA5-based products remain preferable, and this distance-based usage rule ships with the data. Method tiers, quality flags, the frozen configuration, and the full calibration record accompany the archive (&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.011ul&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.011ul&lt;/a&gt;; Fang et al., 2026).</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>52571291</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities</funding-source>
<award-id>2025ZYGXZR026</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science</funding-source>
<award-id>2023ZB14</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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