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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-723</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Imaging the Ross Ice Streams of West Antarctica using active source seismology</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Horgan</surname>
<given-names>Huw Joseph</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-0078</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gorman</surname>
<given-names>Andrew Robert</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-0197</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Winberry</surname>
<given-names>J. Paul</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0745</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anandakrishnan</surname>
<given-names>Sridhar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Conway</surname>
<given-names>Howard</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-3474</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dunbar</surname>
<given-names>Gavin B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van de Flierdt</surname>
<given-names>Tina</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-9755</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kulhanek</surname>
<given-names>Denise K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6383</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Levy</surname>
<given-names>Richard H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Patterson</surname>
<given-names>Molly O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Santin</surname>
<given-names>Ilaria</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-2189</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), bâtiment ALPOLE, Sion, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Earth Sciences New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Huw Joseph Horgan et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-723/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-723/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-723/essd-2026-723.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-723/essd-2026-723.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Beneath Earth&amp;rsquo;s ice sheets the underlying geology both regulates the flow of the overriding ice and archives its history. Investigating this hidden environment from the ice sheet surface requires remote geophysical methods. Active source seismology has proven an effective method capable of investigating ice sheet internal structure, the ice&amp;ndash;bed interface, subglacial water bodies, and the underlying geology. Here we present a compilation of published and unpublished active source seismic data from the Ross Ice Streams of West Antarctica (&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19068423&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19068423&lt;/a&gt;, Horgan et al., 2026). The data sample a range of glaciological environments from subglacial lakes to pinning points. Despite the lack of geographic overlap, and sparse spatial coverage, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Subglacial geology, specifically the presence of a substrate smoothed and mantled by sediment, correlates with regions of present or past rapid ice flow. (2) Subglacial water is observed in a range of glaciological settings including the onset region, beneath streaming ice, and close to the grounding zone. (3) Pinning points and sticky spots manifest in a range of substrate types, from relatively smooth and sediment covered to relatively rough acoustic basement. (4) The Siple and Gould Coast grounding zone exhibits a shallow sub-ice-shelf ocean cavity, with some evidence of active sedimentation, but none of the asymmetric grounding zone wedge deposits thought to stabilise grounding zone retreat. Recent geological coring on Crary Ice Rise highlights both the utility of existing seismic data, and the need for more extensive surveying. Such surveying would aid the interpretation of the geological record, help locate additional palaeoclimate drilling targets and allow for improved calibration of geophysical methods used to constrain glaciological properties and processes.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="28"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung</funding-source>
<award-id>10.006.126</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Royal Society Te Apārangi</funding-source>
<award-id>RDF-VUW-1602</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>1443356</award-id>
<award-id>1443552</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
</back>
</article>