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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-712</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>SDUST2025_SWOT: Global marine deflection of the vertical and gravity anomaly datasets derived from SWOT/KaRIn wide-swath altimetry using local geoid fitting</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Huiying</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Jinyun</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1817-1505</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ya</surname>
<given-names>Shaoshuai</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bian</surname>
<given-names>Shaofeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jia</surname>
<given-names>Yongjun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Xin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Huiying Zhang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-712/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-712/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-712/essd-2026-712.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-712/essd-2026-712.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Satellite altimetry provides an important data source for recovering the marine gravity field. However, the conventional remove-compute-restore (RCR) strategy commonly used for deriving marine deflection of the vertical (DOV) causes the long-wavelength components of the derived DOV to depend to some extent on reference gravity field models. The two-dimensional (2D) sea surface height observations from SWOT/KaRIn wide-swath altimetry provide a new opportunity for constructing marine DOV datasets without relying on the conventional RCR strategy. Here, we construct a global 1&amp;prime; &amp;times; 1&amp;prime; marine DOV dataset, named SDUST2025DOV_SWOT, based on multi-cycle SWOT/KaRIn wide-swath altimetry observations and a local geoid fitting approach. Based on SDUST2025DOV_SWOT, the corresponding marine gravity anomaly dataset SDUST2025GRA_SWOT is further derived. The datasets cover global ocean regions between 77.6&amp;deg;S and 77.6&amp;deg;N. The quality of the datasets is evaluated through comparisons with existing global products, including SIO V33.1DOV/GRA, SWOT_04DOV/GRA, and DTU21GRA, as well as independent shipborne gravity observations. The results show that SDUST2025DOV_SWOT agrees well with existing DOV products in both components. Correlation analyses between DOV datasets and seafloor topographic slopes in typical regions with different seafloor topographic characteristics indicate that SDUST2025DOV_SWOT and SWOT_04DOV exhibit stronger consistency with short-wavelength seafloor topographic signals than SIO V33.1DOV. Independent shipborne gravity observations show that the RMS difference between SDUST2025GRA_SWOT and shipborne gravity anomalies is 3.82 mGal at the global scale, which is reduced by 0.71, 0.22, and 0.31 mGal compared with SIO V33.1GRA, DTU21GRA, and SWOT_04GRA, respectively. Regional assessments further demonstrate that the dataset achieves more pronounced improvements in areas with complex seafloor topography. In a region containing both seamounts and trenches, the RMS difference of SDUST2025GRA_SWOT is reduced by up to 0.90 mGal compared with SIO V33.1GRA. The SDUST2025DOV_SWOT and SDUST2025GRA_SWOT are available at &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21408557&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21408557&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(Zhang et al., 2026).</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="30"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>42430101</award-id>
<award-id>42274006</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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