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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-334</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Agreement, opposition, and dataset influence in global evapotranspiration trends</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thomson</surname>
<given-names>Johanna Ruth</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-2151</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Markonis</surname>
<given-names>Yannis</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-8969</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dutta</surname>
<given-names>Riya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fatichi</surname>
<given-names>Simone</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-6659</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hanel</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-6711</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Koppa</surname>
<given-names>Akash</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Máca</surname>
<given-names>Petr</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-3993</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thakur</surname>
<given-names>Vishal</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-9517</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vargas Godoy</surname>
<given-names>Mijael Rodrigo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-9266</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Paschalis</surname>
<given-names>Athanasios</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Johanna Ruth Thomson et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-334/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-334/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-334/essd-2026-334.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-334/essd-2026-334.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the terrestrial water and energy balance, and numerous global gridded ET products are routinely used to assess historical variability and trends. However, differences in forcing data, model structure and physics in these products complicate robust ET trend analyses. Here, we present a systematic intercomparison of 14 global terrestrial ET datasets for the period 2000&amp;ndash;2019. We introduce a topology framework that categorizes ET datasets according to their trend signatures within multi-product ensembles, providing insight into the structural role of each dataset and revealing how certain products consistently amplify or oppose dominant trends, patterns that are not evident from standard ensemble statistics. We find that products which amplify negative trends consistently oppose the dominant ensemble trend direction, whereas products that amplify positive trends tend to produce statistically significant trends where most datasets indicate weak or non-significant change. We quantify the magnitude, direction, and statistical significance of ET trends across products and evaluate their spatial consistency. The analysis reveals substantial divergence among datasets. While many products indicate predominantly positive ET trends, agreement on the magnitude and direction of change is lacking across many regions. In many regions, trends differ by more than an order of magnitude, and the spatial patterns of significant trends are highly product-dependent. The resulting harmonized trend estimates and classification provide a reference resource for evaluating current and future ET products, assessing uncertainty in trend studies, and guiding the use and improvement of ET datasets. More broadly, the topology framework can be extended beyond ET to geoscientific data product ensembles in general, enabling fitness for purpose evaluation, uncertainty assessment, and more systematic intercomparison across datasets.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="29"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Grantová Agentura České Republiky</funding-source>
<award-id>22‐33266M</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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