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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-261</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A global high-resolution temperature and salinity reconstruction by spatiotemporal multiscale correlations and dynamic height constraints</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Haowen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Wei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Hong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>Guijun</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-7148</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Gongfu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Hanyu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cao</surname>
<given-names>Lige</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0198-1037</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zheng</surname>
<given-names>Qingyu</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-6927</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Haowen Wu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-261/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-261/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-261/essd-2026-261.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-261/essd-2026-261.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>High-resolution temperature and salinity (&lt;em&gt;T &lt;/em&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;em&gt; S&lt;/em&gt;) gridded datasets are essential for exploring large and mesoscale ocean phenomena.&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In this study, a global, weekly &lt;em&gt;T &lt;/em&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;em&gt; S&lt;/em&gt; gridded dataset with a horizontal resolution of 1/4&amp;deg; and a depth range of 0&amp;ndash;1500 m from 2005 to 2023 is reconstructed using a four-dimensio&lt;span&gt;nal multigrid analysis (4D-MGA) framework&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span&gt; With minimal prior statistical assumptions, the 4D-MGA efficiently extracts information from in-situ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;T &lt;/em&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;em&gt; S&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; profiles and satellite&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span&gt;observed &lt;/span&gt;sea level anomalies&lt;span&gt; by integrating multiscale spatiotemporal&lt;/span&gt; correlation&lt;span&gt; and physical constraints.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; The results show that the &lt;/span&gt;4D-MGA &lt;span&gt;product successfully delivers a credible, high-resolution analysis that combines robustness with reliable mesoscale information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; Specifically,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;our product exhibits a lower &lt;/span&gt;root mean square error &lt;span&gt;and excellent unbiased performance on a global scale when compared with the ARMOR3D product and the GLORYS reanalysis. &lt;/span&gt;http The product is then applied to investigate the linear trends of geostrophic transport within five key sections in WBCs. The 4D-MGA product is a subset of the high-resolution, objective analysis, gridded dataset for oceans, and it has the potential to advance our understanding of ocean dynamics and climate change&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;The weekly reconstructed dataset (4D-MGA) is freely available &lt;/span&gt;at &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19378150&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19378150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Key Research and Development Program of China</funding-source>
<award-id>2023YFC3107800</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>42376190</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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