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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ESSDD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Earth System Science Data Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ESSDD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1866-3591</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/essd-2026-153</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A review of Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in South Asia and the Indian Ocean</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>Mubashir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cerrone</surname>
<given-names>Ciro</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-2658</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rovere</surname>
<given-names>Alessio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-1168</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department for Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, Venice, 30172, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>International Centre for Climate Change Research and Studies (CSRCC), Franchetti Palace, San Marco 2847, 30124 Venice, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen,  Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Mubashir Ali et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-153/">This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-153/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-153/essd-2026-153.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2026-153/essd-2026-153.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In this work, we present a standardized database of Last Interglacial (132&amp;ndash;80 ka) sea-level proxies across the South Asian and Indian Ocean region, including the coasts of Iran, Oman, India, the Maldives, and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The database stems from a critical revision of the data included in 17 peer-reviewed studies, which were standardized using the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), and is available as Ali et al. (2026, &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18512770&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18512770&lt;/a&gt;). A total of 54 sea-level index points were reassessed by evaluating stratigraphic context, elevation measurement techniques, depositional environments, and chronological constraints obtained from U-series, luminescence, electron spin resonance, and cosmogenic nuclide dating. The data is characterized by regional differences in the elevation of past relative sea-level proxies that are driven primarily by tectonic, dynamic topography, and glacio-hydro-isostatic forcings. On the active margins of southern Iran and northern Oman, terraces dated to Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5e (125 ka), 5c (100 ka), and 5a (80 ka) were preserved at 20&amp;ndash;60 m a.s.l., reflecting long-term uplift linked to the Zagros foreland and Makran subduction system. On the coasts of western and southern India MIS 5e relative sea-level proxies are found at 1&amp;ndash;4 m a.s.l., more in line with low tectonic uplift. On Indian Ocean islands, such as the Maldives and Cocos (Keeling) Islands, MIS 5e reefs are now submerged at depths of 10&amp;ndash;17 m b.s.l., indicating subsidence throughout the late Quaternary.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>H2020 European Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>802414</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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