the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 16 Oct 2024
XBT data collected along the Southern Ocean “chokepoint” between New Zealand and Antarctica, 1994–2024
Abstract. This study presents the water column temperature data collected during several cruises on board the Italica, Araon and Laura Bassi research vessels, in the framework of the Climatic Long-term Interaction for the Mass balance in Antarctica (CLIMA), Southern Ocean Chokepoints Italian Contribution (SOChIC), and Marine Observatory of the Ross Sea (MORSea) projects, funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). Data were collected between New Zealand and the Ross Sea during the austral summers from 1994/1995 to 2023/2024. Across this chokepoint of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, XBT Sippican T7 probes were launched with a regular 20 km sampling, providing temperature profiles with a vertical resolution of 65 cm and a maximum nominal depth of 760 m. All temperature profiles underwent a rigorous quality control, including a general malfunctioning verification, the removal of spikes, the consistency check of adjacent profiles, the comparison to regional oceanographic features and satellite altimetry observations, and a final visual check by operator. Data quality checks led us to discard about 12 % of acquired XBT measurements. This dataset contributes to the improvement of our understanding of Southern Ocean features, being highly valuable for studies focusing on climate variability, especially across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its fronts. Furthermore, we expect that the collected XBT data will serve as a useful tool for the calibration and validation of recent satellite observations and for the improvement of Southern Ocean oceanographic simulations.
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RC1: 'Comment on essd-2024-417', Rebecca Cowley, 05 Nov 2024
Review of "XBT data collected along the Southern Ocean “chokepoint” between New Zealand and Antarctica, 1994-2024", Giuseppe Aulicino et al.
Summary: The paper nicely describes a valuable dataset of XBT observations across the Southern Ocean from New Zealand to the Ross Sea, Antarctica. These data cover 1994 to 2024 along the PX36 Ship of Opportunity (SOOP) line. The quality of the data is described and suitable QC procedures followed to improve the dataset for end users. Depth corrections have been applied appropriately.
The authors have done an excellent job in summarising the data collected and presenting examples of the use with eddy and front identification using complimentary datasets such as satellite altimetry and Argo datasets.
I recommend publication after some corrections to improve the manuscript (see below) and access to the data could be improved given the current situation post-hurricane in the USA where the NCEI servers are difficult to access. Similarly, publication of some code to access and display the data would be useful to go along with the manuscript.Manuscript comments:
Introduction: I recommend including reference to the GOOS Ship of Opportunity program (SOOP) and the SOOPIP (Ship of Opportunity Implementation Panel) in the manuscript. Certainly the authors are part of these programs and the data makes a significant contribution to the SOOP program.
Line 109, suggest the reference should be Cowley et al 2013 as it refers to depth and temperature variations over time.
Table 2 contains Hanawa 1995 FRE values for the T7 probe, not manufacturer FRE as stated in the title. If the Hanawa FRE is used, please include in reference. Also confusion over which FRE the non-corrected Depth values use in the dataset (see comments in the data section below).
Line 155. Suggest including Cowley & Krummel with Parks et al reference.
Line 187, 202, 206: Suggest 'log sheets' or similar in place of 'launch clipboards'.
Line 208. Grammar: 'resulted the most correspondent' perhaps should be ' corresponded'
Line 230. Grammar: 'unusally' should be 'unusual'
Line 276-277. The reference for nodc has an out-of-date table. I think the authors have used the most recent update for the Cheng correction, but these tables do not contain that update. Perhaps the authors can ask Cheng to provide a link to the latest tables. Also, the second link to iap data is to the global ocean dataset, not the XBT correction tables.
Line 302. What is 'SBdy'?
Line 319. Grammar: please check the sentence as it could be improved to make clearer the author's meaning.Section 2. I think you need a subsection here describing how you created the section plots. What algorithms did you use to make these? Are the section data available for the user to download? Can you include the code in a python notebook or similar so the user can create them?
Data comments:
I am unable to download the data via https, but was able to access files via ftp (although this is a bit slow). There is some difficulty accessing the servers at NCEI. Can you provide an alternative route to the data? Perhaps a Zenodo link or another DOI to the full dataset (one link) would be useful in addition to the individual NCEI links.I reviewed the xbt_araon_XXXIV_all_qc.txt file.
1. Fall Rate Coefficients listed in the file (manufacturer T7 coefficients) do not match the ones in the paper (Hanawa 1995 coefficients). Please check which coefficients were used as this will make a difference to the Cheng 2014 corrections applied.
2. Label 'Bot. Depth [m]' is not the bottom depth, but the XBT maximum depth reached.
3. I loaded up the data and plotted it using Python and found the quality flags are well applied, however there are some bad data remaining (hit bottoms and some leakage) in a few of the profiles. Generally, the QC looks acceptable for the one file I reviewed.
4. It would be very helpful and enhance the paper if you could provide some code to read and plot the data for the users. A python notebook would be very helpful. Below is the basic code I used to load and look at the data. You could expand on this.
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os# Specify the file path
file_path = '/path/to/file/xbt_araon_XXXIV_all_qc.txt'# Preprocess the file to remove lines starting with //
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
lines = file.readlines()# Filter out lines starting with //
filtered_lines = [line for line in lines if not line.startswith('//')]# Write the filtered lines to a temporary file
temp_file_path = '/Users/cow074/Downloads/temp_file.txt'
with open(temp_file_path, 'w') as temp_file:
temp_file.writelines(filtered_lines)# Read the space-delimited text file into a DataFrame, ignoring the header rows
df = pd.read_csv(temp_file_path, sep='\t', skiprows=0)# remove the temporary file
os.remove(temp_file_path)# add column names
df.columns = ['Cruise','ProfileNumber','Type','mm/dd/yyyy','hh:mm','longitude','Latitude',
'XBT_depth','Depth','Depth_corr','Temperature','Temperature_corr','QF']# Display the DataFrame
print(df)# Select the data where QF is < 3
df_filtered = df[df['QF'] < 3]
# plot depth_corr vs Temperature_corr
plt.scatter( df_filtered['Temperature_corr'], df_filtered['Depth_corr'])
# flip the y-axis
plt.gca().invert_yaxis()
plt.ylabel('Depth')
plt.xlabel('Temperature')
plt.title('Depth vs Temperature')
plt.show()
plt.pause(1)
plt.close()# loop through the data in groups of 10 profileNumbers and plot df_filtered data coloured by ProfileNumber
for i in range(0, max(df_filtered['ProfileNumber']), 10):
# plot the data where ProfileNumber is in the range i to i+10
df_temp = df_filtered[(df_filtered['ProfileNumber'] >= i) & (df_filtered['ProfileNumber'] < i+10)]
plt.scatter(df_temp['Temperature_corr'], df_temp['Depth_corr'], c=df_temp['ProfileNumber'])
plt.gca().invert_yaxis()
plt.ylabel('Depth')
plt.xlabel('Temperature')
plt.title('Depth vs Temperature')
# include a legend with ProfileNumber
plt.colorbar(label='ProfileNumber')
plt.show()
plt.pause(1)
plt.close()Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-417-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on essd-2024-417', Alexey Mishonov, 25 Nov 2024
Very useful paper presenting XBT data collected in under sampled region of the South Ocean over 30 years of fields expeditions.
Please see my remarks to the main text of the manuscript in the supplemented file.
My concerns are about section plots presented. I recommend to review the interpolation parameters used for section plots presented in the 'Supporting Information' document, in order to avoid some artefacts, which I believe are caused by too small search radius set during section creation. It is also important to use same interpolation setting for all section and provide this information (i.e. horizontal search radius and vertical search radius used for interpolation in ODV) in the text.
It also will be helpful to add a profiles markers on the section plots as well as section boundaries set in ODV for each section (this will allow to access spatial limits during interpolation).
It will be useful to have plots in the 'Supporting Information' document numbered individually (like S1-1, ..., S1-35), - it will make reference to some individual plot more convenient. As for now all 36 section plots are referred to as Fig S1, therefore, below, I use page numbers to refer to some particular plots.
Remarks to the section plots in the 'Supporting Information' document:
I believe some of the features on the plots appears as result of using too short horizontal search radius, so interpolation algorithm is only using data from one profile not taking into account its neighbors . Provided that distance between profiles (n) is about ~20 km, I would recommend to employ 3n value, i.e. ~60km.
I only mention few pages/section plots below, but these remarks are related to all section plots - there are many gaps in the stations position which could be the cause for the interpolation artefacts now existing everywhere.
Page 4: sharp gradient at 60°S most likely caused by the short search radius and the gap in the station position along the section line.
Page 5: sharp negative gradients at 55°S and 60°S and positive at 57° and 62°
Page 6: sharp negative gradients at 55°S and positive at ~57° (this one is possibly caused by the gap in the station position along the section line - but it is difficult to be sure because data points are not plotted)
Page 7: sharp negative gradients at 54, 56, 57°S and positive in between as well as at 62, 63, & 64°S could be possibly caused by the gaps in the station position along the section line - but it is difficult to be sure because data points are not plotted.
Data sets
Water temperature data from XBT takenfrom the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1994‐11‐03 to 1995‐01‐01 (NCEI Accession 0170608) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5rf5s9v
Water temperature data from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1995‐01‐06 to 1995‐03‐02 (NCEI Accession 0170765) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v53r0r5z
Water temperature from XBT taken from research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1996‐01‐07 to 1996‐02‐18 (NCEI Accession 0171481) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5x065b9
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1997‐01‐26 to 1997‐02‐19 (NCEI Accession 0172042) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5kd1w6b
Water temperature data from XBT col-lected from research vessel Italica in Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1997‐11‐23 to 1998‐03‐06 (NCEI Accession 0172859) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v50863mf
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 1999‐01‐05 to 1999‐01‐11 (NCEI Accession 0173211) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5mg7mtc
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2000‐01‐07 to 2000‐02‐18 (NCEI Accession 0173212) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v56d5r8p
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2001‐01‐06 to 2001‐02‐26 (NCEI Accession 0173213) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5s75dpg
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2001‐12‐24 to 2001‐12‐31 (NCEI Accession 0173214) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5ng4nzr
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2003‐01‐06 to 2003‐01‐11 (NCEI Accession 0173338) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5qz289c
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2003‐12‐24 to 2003‐12‐28 (NCEI Accession 0173328) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5vq3113
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2005‐01‐01 to 2005‐01‐06 (NCEI Accession 0173533) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5vh5m45
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2007‐02‐05 to 2007‐02‐10 (NCEI Accession 0174709) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/c8bm-xh74
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2008‐01‐16 to 2008‐01‐21 (NCEI Accession 0174711) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/q29v-c980
Water temperature data from XBT taken from research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2010‐01‐25 to 2010‐01‐29 (NCEI Accession 0167835) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v50r9mmm
Water temperature from XBT taken from research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2012‐01‐13 to 2012‐01‐19 (NCEI Accession 0167834) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.7289/v54j0cbw
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Araon in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2013‐01‐24 to 2013‐02‐06 (NCEI Accession 0174794) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/q29v-c980
Water temperature from XBT taken from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean from 2006-01-01 to 2006-01-04 (NCEI Accession 0207044) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/hzcp-d813
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2013-12-30 to 2014-02-18 (NCEI Accession 0287161) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/220j-b370
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Araon in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2015-01-02 to 2015-01-10 (NCEI Accession 0287162) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/9ph6-c102
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2016-01-16 to 2016-01-28 (NCEI Accession 0287159) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/zf04-ch06
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Italica in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2016-12-31 to 2017-01-05 (NCEI Accession 0287163) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/vvmp-rr55
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Araon in Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2019-02-08 to 2019-02-12 (NCEI Accession 0287554) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/jeee-zf77
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Laura Bassi in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2020-01-07 to 2020-01-12 (NCEI Accession 0287549) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/1ysg-dw94
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Laura Bassi in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2020-12-25 to 2021-01-02 (NCEI Accession 0297164) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/aeg5-hw87
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Laura Bassi in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2022-01-08 to 2022-01-26 (NCEI Accession 0297165) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/3mmd-tj60
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Laura Bassi in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2023-01-06 to 2023-01-12 (NCEI Accession 0297163) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/kte7-d058
Water temperature taken by XBT from the research vessel Laura Bassi in the Southern Ocean (> 60 degrees South) and Southwest Pacific Ocean (limit-147 E to 140 W) from 2024-01-07 to 2024-01-12 (NCEI Accession 0297166) Y. Cotroneo et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/jc13-ek97
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