One year of high frequency monitoring of groundwater physico-chemical parameters in the Weierbach Experimental Catchment, Luxembourg

Abstract. The critical zone (CZ) is the Earth's skin where rock, water, air, and life interact – playing a pivotal role in sustaining ecological processes and life-supporting resources. Understanding these interactions, especially in forested headwater catchments, is key for managing water resources, predicting environmental responses, and assessing human impacts. We present a novel dataset from the Weierbach Experimental Catchment in Luxembourg, derived from a year-long high-frequency monitoring campaign that focused on groundwater physico-chemical parameters. Through meticulous data collection and rigorous quality control, parameters such as electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and pH were measured, offering new insights into the CZ's hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics. The dataset highlights the intricate interplay between redox reactions, pH, and ion exchange processes, as well as the influence of seasonal variability and flowline interactions on solute transport. By providing a detailed view of the catchment's response to hydrological changes, this dataset fills a significant gap in CZ research, offering a valuable resource for advancing our understanding of hydro-biogeochemical catchment processes. The datasets introduced in this contribution may be leveraged by researchers and practitioners aiming to refine models, inform land management practices, and foster a more holistic understanding of catchment biogeochemistry.