Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-258
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-258
01 Aug 2024
 | 01 Aug 2024
Status: a revised version of this preprint is currently under review for the journal ESSD.

High-resolution global shipping emission inventory by Shipping Emission Inventory Model (SEIM)

Wen Yi, Xiaotong Wang, Tingkun He, Huan Liu, Zhenyu Luo, Zhaofeng Lv, and Kebin He

Abstract. The high-resolution ship emission inventory serves as a crucial dataset for various disciplines including atmospheric science, marine science, environmental management, etc. Here, we present a global high spatiotemporal resolution ship emission inventory at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° for the years 2013, 2016–2021, generated by the state-of-the-art Shipping Emission Inventory Model (SEIMv2.2). Initially, the annual 30 billion Automatic Identification System (AIS) data underwent extensive cleaning to ensure data validity and accuracy in temporal and spatial distribution. Subsequently, integrating real-time vessel positions and speeds from AIS data with static technical parameters, emission factors, and other computational parameters, SEIM simulated ship emissions on a ship-by-ship, signal-by-signal basis. Finally, the results were aggregated and analyzed. In 2021, the ship activity dataset established based on AIS data covered 109.3 thousand vessels globally (101.4 thousand vessels reported by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). Concerning the major air pollutants and greenhouse gases, global ships emitted 847.2 million tons of CO2, 2.3 million tons of SO2, 16.1 million tons of NOx, 791.2 kilo tons of CO, 737.3 kilo tons of HC, 415.5 kilo tons of primary PM2.5, 61.6 kilo tons of BC, 210.3 kilo tons of CH4, 45.1 kilo tons of N2O in 2021, accounting for 3.2 % of SO2, 14.2 % of NOx, and 2.3 % of CO2 emissions from all global anthropogenic sources, based on the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). Due to the implementation of fuel-switching policies, global ship emissions of SO2 and primary PM2.5 saw a significant reduction of 81.3 % and 76.5 % in 2021 compared to 2019, respectively. According to the inventory results, the composition of vessel types contributing to global ship emissions remained relatively stable through the years, with container ships consistently contributing ~ 30 % of global ship emissions. Regarding vessel age distribution, the emission contribution of vessels built before 2000 (without Tier standard) has been declining, dropping to 10.2 % in 2021, suggesting that even a complete phase-out of these vessels would have limited potential for reducing NOx emissions in the short term. On the other hand, the emission contribution of vessels built after 2016 (meeting Tier III standard) kept increasing, reaching 13.3 % in 2021. Temporally, global ship emissions exhibited minimal daily fluctuations. Spatially, high-resolution emission characteristics of different vessel types were delineated. Patterns of ship emission contributions by different types of vessels vary among maritime regions, with container ships predominant in the North and South Pacific, bulk carriers predominant in the South Atlantic, and oil tankers prevalent in the Arabian Sea. The distribution characteristics of ship emissions and intensity also vary significantly across different maritime regions. Our dataset, which is accessible at https://zenodo.org/records/11069531 (Wen et al., 2024), provides daily breakdown by vessel type and age is available for broad research purposes, and it will provide a solid data foundation for fine-scale scientific research and shipping emission mitigation.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Wen Yi, Xiaotong Wang, Tingkun He, Huan Liu, Zhenyu Luo, Zhaofeng Lv, and Kebin He

Status: final response (author comments only)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on essd-2024-258', Sijia Dong, 12 Aug 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Huan Liu, 12 Oct 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on essd-2024-258', Anonymous Referee #2, 30 Sep 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Huan Liu, 12 Oct 2024
Wen Yi, Xiaotong Wang, Tingkun He, Huan Liu, Zhenyu Luo, Zhaofeng Lv, and Kebin He

Data sets

Global shipping emissions for the years 2013 and 2016-2021 Wen Yi et al. https://zenodo.org/records/11069531

Wen Yi, Xiaotong Wang, Tingkun He, Huan Liu, Zhenyu Luo, Zhaofeng Lv, and Kebin He

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Short summary
This study presents a detailed global dataset on ship emissions, covering the years 2013 and 2016–2021, using advanced modeling techniques. The dataset includes emissions data for 4 types of greenhouse gases and 5 types of air pollutants. The data, available for research, offers valuable insights into ship emission spatiotemporal patterns by vessel type and age, providing a solid data foundation for fine-scale scientific research and shipping emission mitigation.
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