the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 19 Aug 2024
Seismic survey in urban area: the activities of the EMERSITO INGV emergency group in Ancona (Italy) following the 2022 MW 5.5 Costa Marchigiana-Pesarese earthquake
Abstract. This paper illustrates the activities of EMERSITO, an emergency task force of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Italy) devoted to site effects and microzonation studies, during the seismic sequence that occurred close to the Adriatic coast in Central Italy since November 9th, 2022, following the Mw 5.5 mainshock localised in the sea. In particular, we describe the steps that led to the deployment of a temporary network of seismic stations in the urban area of Ancona, the main city of the Adriatic coastline. Data collected by the temporary Ancona network (identification code 6N, doi: 10.13127/sd/qctgd6c-3a, EMERSITO Working Group, 2024) from November 2022 to the end of February 2023 have been preliminary analysed with different techniques to characterise the deployment sites, and are now available for further and detailed studies.
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RC1: 'Comment on essd-2024-162', Anonymous Referee #1, 14 Oct 2024
The manuscripts reports the activities of the INGV emergency group EMERSITO following the seismic sequence generated by the Mw 5.5, 2022 earthquake that occurred along the Adriatic coast. The manuscript provides details on the installation of a temporary network of 11 seismic stations to monitor the evolution of the aftershocks. As the aim of the deployment was to collect seismic information for future microzonation activities, the authors provide information on the geological setting of the monitored area and on the earthquake data collected. The latter are used to characterize the spatial variability of the site amplification effects considering different signals (i.e. earthquake data and noise) and techniques (i.e. standard spectral ratio and horizontal/vertical spectral ratio), and also to investigate azimuthal dependent features of the site responses. The authors also showed the contribution of the temporary networks in improving the location of events during the 2022 seismic sequence and their focal mechanisms.
In terms of data sharing, the manuscript indicates how to access the recorded seismic data, stored in EIDA and freely available, and provides for each station a pdf file with a summary of the location of each station, maps of the location and figures of the results of the site amplification investigations.
Comments:
As the manuscript reports in detail on the temporary survey, the data collection and the results obtained in terms of site amplifications, I have no further requirements regarding the text. My only suggestion is that the results of the site amplifications should also be made available in electronic format. The summary station reports (i.e., the pdf files) are useful, but I think the role of ESSD is to provide a data product in a form that other authors can use independently. Here the raw data are shared via EIDA, and this is an important point, but it is independent of the manuscript (they would be shared anyway). The main contribution of the manuscript is the detailed site amplification information obtained for each station, which could be used in future microzonation studies or for other purposes.
Therefore, I would strongly encourage the authors to create and share an archive with folders containing the results for each station. Within each folder, the authors could store the results of the H/V and SSR analysis in electronic format (e.g. frequency dependent means and standard deviations of H/V and SSR; distribution of azimuthal dependent results, etc.), allowing other users to use the results of the present manuscript in their own research.
Minor details
1) In the description of how to access the raw data stored in EIDA using WebDc3, the authors could also mention that waveforms and metadata can be easily retrieved and downloaded from EIDA programmatically using FDSN web services.
2) In Table 1, I would add a column summarizing the type of installation (e.g., free field, ground floor of a single store building; basement of a multi-store building, etc.).
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162-RC1 -
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Fabrizio Cara, 20 Jan 2025
First of all, we thank the reviewer for the comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. Following his points we decided to make freely available the results of the preliminary analyses and summarized in the station reports. For most of the analyses (HVNSR, HVSR, SSR, rotated HVNSR and rotated HVSR), we uploaded the results in the Zenodo repository and referenced them in the text. It was not possible to share the rose diagrams in electronic format because unfortunately the output format of this kind of analysis is not very convenient, being adapted to produce the graphic only. Anyhow, similar information can be extracted from the rotated H/V.
About the minor details:
1) According to your request, we modified the text in the “Details on dataset access” section, adding the INGV Web Services based on FDSNWS specifications as an alternative method to retrieve and download the waveforms and metadata from EIDA.
2) We think the reviewer was talking about Table 2 and not Table 1 that refer to stations belonging to the permanent networks of INGV and RAN. Therefore, we added a column in Table 2 that indicates the type of installation of our 6N temporary network. Anyhow, to fulfill any request about the stations of permanent stations, in the caption of Table 1 we added a sentence saying that “more info about stations of IV and IT networks can be found on the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA) and on the Site characterization of the permanent stations database (CRISP)” and added the reference of ITACA and CRISP.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162-AC1
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Fabrizio Cara, 20 Jan 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on essd-2024-162', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Dec 2024
The paper details the activities of the EMERSITO INGV emergency task force (devoted to site effect and microzonation studies during significant seismic crises) in Italy in Ancona, Italy, following the 2022 MW 5.5 Costa Marchigiana-Pesarese earthquake. The group deployed a temporary seismic network in Ancona to study site effects and seismic microzonation. The network, operational from November 2022 to February 2023, collected data to analyze local seismic responses. The study included the installation of seismic stations, data collection, and preliminary analyses using various techniques like HVNSR, HVSR, and SSR. The findings highlighted the geological and seismic characteristics of Ancona, contributing to improved earthquake parameter estimates and understanding of local seismic responses. The data is available for further research through the EIDA database.
The activity of the INGV Task forces, as described in the paper, demonstrates great professionalism and good organization, all with the aim of minimizing the harmful effects of earthquakes and increasing the safety of citizens. The paper provides some interesting (and thought-provoking) conclusion points.
The paper reports on the time-limited research, the data collection and the results obtained in terms of amplification. One of my comments is that the results of the amplification (which is the main contribution of the paper) should be made available in electronic form. Also, further research should densify the instrument network to make the potential microzonation more reliable and include a larger number of earthquakes in the analysis, as the authors themselves suggest.
Some minor comments:
Fig. 2 - What intensity or degree of damage do the damage marked in orange correspond to, and what does the brown (dark-red?) damage correspond to?
Table 1 - Indicate in the title of the table to which earthquake the indicated values (epicentral distance and PGA) refer. In Table indicate type of the sensor and its location.
Show the geotectonic figure of the area (in Fig. 1), wider than in Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 - Add a better quality legend, especially with regard to geophysical measurements/research at the locations marked with colored dots.
Fig. 6 - Labeling of isolines with numbers for easier reference.
Table 2 - What type of instruments/networks are involved? SM or WM?
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Fabrizio Cara, 20 Jan 2025
Many thanks to the reviewer for all the comments. The manuscript has been modified following the points raised by the reviewer. First, we decided to make available the results of the preliminary analysis and summarized in the station reports. For most of the analyses (HVNSR, HVSR, SSR, rotated HVNSR and rotated HVSR), we uploaded the results in the Zenodo repository and referenced them in the text. It was not possible to share the rose diagrams in electronic format because unfortunately the output format of this kind of analysis is not very convenient, being adapted to produce the graphic only. Anyhow similar information can be extracted from the rotated H/V.
Hopefully, further research studies would interest Ancona in the future and for sure our dataset requires to be analysed deeply.
About the minor comments:
Fig. 2: we reviewed the information obtained by the Fire Brigade, and we realized that our description in the text was not very accurate. We are sorry for the inconvenience. The Fire Brigade did not estimate a level of damage but inspected buildings and outdoor public areas. Then, they indicated with the different colours:
a) the partial banning of buildings
b) the complete banning of buildings
c) the banning of outdoor public areas
According to this information, we corrected Fig. 2, the text in the manuscript and the caption of Fig. 2.Table 1: we added in the caption of Table 1 the earthquake to which the indicated values (epicentral distance and PGA) refer to.
In Table 1 we added two columns indicating the latitude and the longitude of stations of the permanent networks IV and IT, and another column indicating the type of sensor. This info as well as others of interest can be found on the ITalian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA) and on the Site characterization of the permanent stations database (CRISP).Fig.1: For the right-hand part of Fig. 1 we added the geological map in 1:500000 scale and the individual seismogenic sources as reported by the DISS Working Group (2021). Of course, we also added a legend for the geology. Hopefully, this new version of Fig. 1 would fulfill the request of the reviewer about the geotectonics of the area.
Fig. 5: This figure was only intended to show a generic example of the Web-GIS project. Anyhow, we added a better quality legend indicating the geophysical measurements/research at the locations marked with colored dots.
Fig. 6: Done, we added labels of isolines with numbers for easier referenceTable 2: In the caption of Table 2 we added a sentence saying that “the 6N seismic network [is] equipped with both accelerometric and velocimetric sensors.”
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-162-AC2
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Fabrizio Cara, 20 Jan 2025
Data sets
Rete Sismica 2022/6N Emersito Seismic Network in Ancona (Central Italy) EMERSITO Working Group https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/QCTGD6C-3A
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