ESSDD Earth System Science Data Discussions ESSDD Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. 1866-3591 Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/essd-2024-1 AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand the fine and coarse mode aerosol composition Mahowald Natalie M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-997X 1 Li Longlei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-8459 1 Vira Julius https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-6885 2 Prank Marje https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4280-8898 2 Hamilton Douglas S. 3 Matsui Hitoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-0879 4 Miller Ron L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-0443 5 Lu Louis https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1719-8143 1 Akyuz Ezgi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-1623 6 Meidan Daphne 1 Hess Peter 7 Lihavainen Heikki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-4473 8 Wiedinmyer Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-6592 9 Hand Jenny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-2459 10 Alaimo Maria Grazia 11 Alves Célia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3231-3186 12 Alastuey Andres https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-5495 13 Artaxo Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-3036 14 Barreto Africa 15 Barraza Francisco 16 Becagli Silvia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-4849 17 Calzolai Giulia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-1470 17 Chellam Shankarararman 18 Chen Ying 19 Chuang Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2290-8346 20 Cohen David D. 21 Colombi Cristina 22 Diapouli Evangelia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-2018 23 Dongarra Gaetano 11 Eleftheriadis Konstantinos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2265-4905 23 Galy-Lacaux Corinne 24 Gaston Cassandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-8585 25 Gomez Dario 26 González Ramos Yenny https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-3972 27 15 Hakola Hannele 2 Harrison Roy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-5226 28 Heyes Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-493X 29 Herut Barak 30 31 Hopke Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-9661 32 33 Hüglin Christoph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-522X 34 Kanakidou Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-9692 35 36 37 Kertesz Zsofia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-395X 38 Klimont Zbiginiw 29 Kyllönen Katriina 2 Lambert Fabrice https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2192-024X 39 40 Liu Xiaohong 41 Losno Remi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-862X 42 Lucarelli Franco 17 Maenhaut Willy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-4627 43 Marticorena Beatrice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0860-8048 44 Martin Randall V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8402 45 Mihalopoulos Nikolaos 35 46 Morera-Gomez Yasser https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-3869 47 Paytan Adina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712 48 Prospero Joseph 25 Rodríguez Sergio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-3107 49 15 Smichowski Patricia 26 Varrica Daniela 11 Walsh Brenna 45 Weagle Crystal 45 Zhao Xi 41 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State, Rayleigh, NC, USA Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Columbia University, NY, NY 10025, USA Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA SIOS Knowledge Centre, Postboks 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Dip. Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Italy Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain Instituto de Fisica,Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Saw Science, Invercargill, New Zealand Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universita di Firenze and INFN-Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 , USA Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia Environmental Monitoring Sector, Arpa Lombardia, Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milan, Italy Environmental Radioactivity & Aerosol Technology for Atmospheric & Climate impact Lab, INRaSTES, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, 15341 Ag. Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece Laboratoire d'Aerologie, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrenees, Toulouse, France Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Gerencia Química, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina Scientific Department, CIMEL, Paris, France School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 31080, Israel Department of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3103301, Israel Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(EMPA), 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Center of Studies of Air quality and Climate Change, Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece Excellence Chair, Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), Debrecen, Hungary Geography Institute, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research, Santiago, Chile Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques (LISA), Universites Paris Est-Paris Diderot-Paris 7, UMR CNRS 7583, Creteil, France Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Pendeli, Greece Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, España Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IPNA CSIC, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain 06 02 2024 2024 1 53 Copyright: © 2024 Natalie M. Mahowald et al. 2024 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is available from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2024-1/ The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2024-1/essd-2024-1.pdf

Aerosol particles are an important part of the Earth system, but their concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, as well as variable in size and composition.&nbsp; Aerosol particles can interact with incoming solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation, change cloud properties, affect photochemistry, impact surface air quality, and when deposited impact surface albedo of snow and ice, and modulate carbon dioxide uptake by the land and ocean. High aerosol concentrations at the surface represent an important public health hazard.&nbsp; There are substantial datasets describing aerosol particles in the literature or in public health databases, but they have not been compiled for easy use by the climate and air quality modelling community.&nbsp; Here we present a new compilation of PM<sub>2.5 </sub>and PM<sub>10</sub> aerosol observations including composition, a methodology for comparing the datasets to model output, and show the implications of these results using one model.&nbsp; Overall, most of the planet or even the land fraction does not have sufficient observations of surface concentrations, and especially particle composition to understand the current distribution of aerosol particles.&nbsp; Most climate models exclude 10&ndash;30 % of the aerosol particles in both PM<sub>2.5 </sub>and PM<sub>10</sub> size fractions across large swaths of the globe in their current configurations, with ammonium nitrate and agricultural dust aerosol being the most important omitted aerosol types.&nbsp; The dataset is available on Zenodo (<a href="https://zenodo.org/records/10459654" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10459654</a>, Mahowald et al., 2024).

 U.S. Department of Energy DE-SC0021302