Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-366
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-366
15 Nov 2023
 | 15 Nov 2023
Status: this preprint is currently under review for the journal ESSD.

Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries

Ville-Veikko Paunu, Niko Karvosenoja, David Segersson, Susana López-Aparicio, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen, Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Dam Thanh Vo, Jeroen Kuenen, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jørgen Brandt, and Camilla Geels

Abstract. Air pollution is an important cause of adverse health effects even in the Nordic countries, which have relatively good air quality. Modelling-based air quality assessment of the health impacts relies on reliable model estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations, which furthermore rely on good quality spatially resolved emission data. While quantitative emission estimates are the cornerstone of good emission data, description of the spatial distribution of the emissions is especially important for local air quality modelling on high resolution. In this paper we present a new air pollution emission inventory for the Nordic countries with high-resolution spatial allocation (1 km × 1 km) covering years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2012, and 2014. The inventory is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8070155 (Paunu et al., 2023). To study the impact of applying national data and methods to the spatial distribution of the emissions, we compared road transport and machinery and off-road sectors to CAMS-REGv4.2, which used consistent spatial distribution method throughout Europe for each sector. Road transport is a sector with well-established proxies for spatial distribution, while for machinery and off-road the choice of proxies is not as straightforward as it includes a variety of different type of vehicles and machines operating in various environments. We found that the CAMS-REGv4.2 was able to produce similar spatial patterns as our Nordic inventory for the selected sectors. However, the resolution of our Nordic inventory allows for more detailed impact assessment than the CAMS-REGv4.2, which had resolution of 0.1° × 0.05° (longitude-latitude, roughly 5.5 km × 3.5–6.5 km in the Nordic countries). The EMEP/EEA Guidebook chapter on spatial mapping of emissions has recommendations for the sectoral proxies. Based on our analysis we argue that the guidebook should have separate recommendations for proxies for several sub-categories of the machinery and off-road sectors, instead of including them within broader sectors. We suggest that land use data is the best starting point for proxies for many of the subsectors, and they can be combined with other suitable data to enhance the spatial distribution. For road transport, measured traffic flow data should be utilized where possible, to support modelled data in the proxies.

Ville-Veikko Paunu et al.

Status: open (until 22 Dec 2023)

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Ville-Veikko Paunu et al.

Data sets

High-resolution air pollution emission inventory for the Nordic countries Ville-Veikko Paunu, Niko Karvosenoja, David Segersson, Susana López-Aparicio, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen, Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Dam Thanh Vo, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jørgen Brandt, and Camilla Geels https://zenodo.org/record/8070155

Ville-Veikko Paunu et al.

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Short summary
Air pollution is an important cause of adverse health effects even in the Nordic countries. To assess their health impacts, emission inventories with high spatial resolution are needed. We studied how national data and methods for the spatial distribution of the emissions compare to European level inventory. For road transport, the methods are well established, but for machinery and off-road emissions the current recommendations for the spatial distribution of these emissions should be improved.
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