Elevated emission of particulate matter (both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) is not limited to urban areas. It’s the major pollutant that drives the air quality across the Indian sub-continent as well as across the globe with adverse health impacts. Moreover, India is home to many polluted cities in recent years that are among the list of most polluting cities in the globe. Therefore, the identification of sources of particulate matter and their quantification along with spatial variability has become of paramount importance from the modelling point of view. The present work is an attempt to develop a high-resolution (~10 km×~10 km) national inventory of particulate (both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) pollutants for India for the base year 2020 using IPCC methodology. The study quantifies the emission load from all possible sources in the county using the best possible resolution activity data and bottom-up approach. The estimated annual emission for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, are calculated to be 15.8 Tg/yr, and 8.3 Tg/yr respectively. The developed emission dataset is publicly available on Zenodo at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885103" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885103</a> (Sahu et al., 2023). Transport-driven windblown road dust remains the dominating source of PM<sub>10</sub> emission, while transport and industry are the most important sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The unattended anthropogenic source - municipal solid waste burning is found to be emerging as a new threat followed by crop residue burning. The developed new surface dataset has formulated a few recommendations of possible mitigation strategies for India and would be a critical tool for modelling studies.