18 Jan 2021
18 Jan 2021
FLUXNET-CH4: A global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
- 1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- 2Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- 3Department of Physics, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 4Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Universita, Viterbo, Italy e Forestali, Universita
- 5euroMediterranean Center on Climate Change CMCC, Lecce, Italy
- 6Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California
- 7International Rice Research Institute
- 8Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
- 9Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 501, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
- 10Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 11U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA
- 12University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- 13Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University
- 14School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32611
- 15Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- 16School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- 17Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32601
- 18Department of Geography, Michigan State University
- 19Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 20Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
- 21Universidade de Cuiaba, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- 22Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
- 23Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA
- 24Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 25School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- 26University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- 27C NR - institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1 Portici (Napoli) Italy
- 28University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management
- 29Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmos. Environ. al Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT Campus Alpin), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- 30Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- 31ISTO, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France
- 32Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana
- 33GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- 34Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, NZ
- 35Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3
- 36Canada & Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Halifax, NS B2Y 1P3, Canada
- 37UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
- 38Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- 39Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- 40Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- 41Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
- 42Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences
- 43University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- 44National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
- 45Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise st 46, Tartu, 51410, Estonia
- 46Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- 47Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Landscape, Department Landscape Architecture, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Am Hofgarten 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- 48USGS Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette LA
- 49Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- 50Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- 51European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- 52Dept. of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige , Italy
- 53Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
- 54Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, RAS, Yakutsk, REp. Yakutia
- 55Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- 56Northern Arizona University, School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems
- 57Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- 58Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- 59Dept. Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- 60Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cal State East Bay, Hayward CA 94542 USA
- 61National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- 62USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research Unit, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
- 63School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- 64Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- 65Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- 66Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
- 67Hakubi center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- 68Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- 69Dept of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University Newark, NJ
- 70Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
- 71Department of Ecology and Evolution, Cornell
- 72USGS California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA, 95819
- 73National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, 1685 38th St Ste 100, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
- 74Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- 75Space Sciences and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
- 76School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joesnuu, Finland
- 77Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- 78Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
- 79Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- 80A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
- 81California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
- 82University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
- 83Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
- 84Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- 85Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- 86USGS Water Mission Area, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025
- 87Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
- 88Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- 1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- 2Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- 3Department of Physics, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 4Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Universita, Viterbo, Italy e Forestali, Universita
- 5euroMediterranean Center on Climate Change CMCC, Lecce, Italy
- 6Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California
- 7International Rice Research Institute
- 8Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
- 9Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 501, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
- 10Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- 11U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA
- 12University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- 13Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University
- 14School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32611
- 15Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- 16School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- 17Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32601
- 18Department of Geography, Michigan State University
- 19Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- 20Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
- 21Universidade de Cuiaba, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- 22Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
- 23Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA
- 24Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 25School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- 26University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- 27C NR - institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1 Portici (Napoli) Italy
- 28University of Copenhagen, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management
- 29Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmos. Environ. al Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT Campus Alpin), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- 30Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- 31ISTO, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France
- 32Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana
- 33GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- 34Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, NZ
- 35Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3
- 36Canada & Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Halifax, NS B2Y 1P3, Canada
- 37UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
- 38Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- 39Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- 40Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- 41Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
- 42Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences
- 43University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- 44National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
- 45Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise st 46, Tartu, 51410, Estonia
- 46Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- 47Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Landscape, Department Landscape Architecture, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Am Hofgarten 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- 48USGS Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette LA
- 49Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- 50Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- 51European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- 52Dept. of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige , Italy
- 53Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
- 54Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, RAS, Yakutsk, REp. Yakutia
- 55Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- 56Northern Arizona University, School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems
- 57Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- 58Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- 59Dept. Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- 60Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cal State East Bay, Hayward CA 94542 USA
- 61National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- 62USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research Unit, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
- 63School of Informatics, Computing & Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- 64Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- 65Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- 66Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, South Korea
- 67Hakubi center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- 68Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- 69Dept of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University Newark, NJ
- 70Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
- 71Department of Ecology and Evolution, Cornell
- 72USGS California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA, 95819
- 73National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, 1685 38th St Ste 100, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, USA
- 74Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- 75Space Sciences and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
- 76School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joesnuu, Finland
- 77Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- 78Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
- 79Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- 80A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
- 81California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
- 82University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, AUSTRIA
- 83Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
- 84Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- 85Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- 86USGS Water Mission Area, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025
- 87Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
- 88Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions, including their seasonality, due to quasi-continuous and high temporal resolution of flux measurements, coincident measurements of carbon, water, and energy fluxes, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we 1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4- community-product/). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we 2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally, because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands and because freshwater wetlands are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and 3) provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions, but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20° S to 20° N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts three days earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 days longer, for each degree C increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags soil warming by one month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling, and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). The FLUXNET-CH4 dataset provides an open-access resource for CH4 flux synthesis, has a range of applications, and is unique in that it includes coupled measurements of important CH4 drivers such as GPP and temperature. Although FLUXNET-CH4 could certainly be improved by adding more sites in tropical ecosystems and by increasing the number of site-years at existing sites, it is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408468. Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 in the Data Availability section of this document.
Kyle B. Delwiche et al.
Status: open (until 18 Mar 2021)
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CC1: 'Comment on essd-2020-307', Andreas Heinemeyer, 28 Jan 2021
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This is a fantastic dataset!
I have a comment on the Figure 5. Whilst it seems OK to just plot a linear trendline through these fluxes (on a logarithmic scale), this is questionable when looking at the individual biomes, which seem to indicate an even stronger (possibly even some exponential) increase with temperature. I would like to see individual regression lines fitted to the individual biomes (fen, bog, ...). I know there are few points per biome, but it seems important to see these biomes in their individual light - as underpinning conditions and processes are likely very different. This is of particularly importance when considering previous work by Abdalla et al., 2016 (temperature & moisture impacts on methane fluxes), highlighting those differences - which I think might look similar when plotting these data for biomes individually.
- DOI:
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RC1: 'Comment on essd-2020-307', Anonymous Referee #1, 18 Feb 2021
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The FLUXNET-CH4 dataset includes eddy covariance methane fluxes along with CO2 fluxes and associated meteorological and site factors from 79 globally-distributed field sites. The manuscript is a well written and detailed description of the dataset and also includes preliminary analyses of seasonal patterns, site representativeness, and important summary information about the dataset. The methods used to develop and process the dataset are considered reliable and well tested within the eddy covariance field and are clearly described. The data appears to be high quality. This dataset will be highly useful for future modeling, synthesis, and process-oriented studies focused on ecosystem methane fluxes and how they vary over space and time. The dataset is freely accessible, although users must register on the FLUXNET web site. The data access interface is somewhat inefficient when downloading data for a larger number of sites (it requires clicking a link for each site individually, or installing a third-party downloading plugin). The option to download all sites as a single compressed file might facilitate easier access for projects that use many sites such as cross-site syntheses.
The manuscript includes quite a bit of interesting analysis of seasonal patterns across sites and how they vary with latitude and mean annual temperature. While these analyses are certainly interesting and valuable, I’m not sure if they fit entirely within the aims and scope of ESSD, which states “Any interpretation of data is outside the scope of regular articles.” (https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/about/aims_and_scope.html).
Overall, I think this is a very valuable dataset and a high quality description paper. I have some specific comments about the manuscript that could help improve the clarity of some aspects:
Line 304-305: From the download interface, it appears that some sites are available as Fluxnet Tier 2, not as CC BY 4.0. So the statement that all site data are available under CC BY 4.0 is not completely true.
Line 312-313: Is there a more precise definition for “relatively shallow water table”? Was a specific cutoff depth used?
Line 316: Is there a more precise taxonomic or ecological description for “brown mosses”? This seems like a vague term and is not described in the cited Treat et al (2018) paper.
Line 323: To be precise, Table B3 includes citations to the climatic data, not the data itself
Line 327: Table B7 includes annual methane flux and uncertainty, specifically. Referring to “flux” is ambiguous because the dataset includes methane, CO2, and energy fluxes.
Line 330: Section 2.1.4 should specify that it refers to annual CH4 fluxes to avoid confusion since the dataset also includes CO2 and energy fluxes.
Line 340-341: Some more explanation would be helpful. It wasn’t immediately clear to me what this meant. Specifically, the site has one year of data that goes across two calendar years, so both years were listed separately but with the same annual flux value in the table.
Line 354: It’s not clear which global gridded datasets are being referred to here. Datasets of what? Salinity? Wetland area? Or something else?
Line 422: It’s not clear what the “range” is referring to. Does this mean annual averages? Is the range referring to the different variables that were used, or to different values?
Figure 3: Many of the dots overlap. It would be easier to distinguish sites if the dots were smaller or transparent.
Line 559: “a site in Botswana”: The site code should be provided here
Line 565: “The size of wetland points are made larger”: All the points are the same size so it’s not clear what this means.
Line 566: Not all points are labeled with site codes. Was this just for ease of visualization? Or did some other factor go into the choice of which to label?
Does density of land pixels (gray colors) have meaningful units that can be provided for this figure? Or is it purely qualitative? If it is quantitative, a color bar should be provided for the gray shading. Is the amount of area covered by gray shaded regions quantitatively meaningful?
Line 599-600: The suggestion of regions that could improve data coverage is useful. Can a citation be provided to support the statement that these regions are high CH4 emitting? Since they are not included in this dataset, there must be some outside data or publications estimating fluxes from those regions that this statement is referring to.
Figure 8: A legend should be added to the figure labeling the different line colors. Also, it is best to avoid using red and green colors as the only distinguishing factor in graphics because red/green colorblindness is quite common and would make this figure difficult to interpret. Use of red/green colors is an issue on several of the figures (9, 10, 11, 12). This could be addressed by using a colorblind-friendly color scheme, or by using different symbols or line styles in addition to different colors.
Line 652: What does the yellow line show?
Line 665-666: This phrasing is confusing. What are these months being added to? I guess this refers to integrating over the time period from September-May instead of October-March. But isn’t it obvious that including more months would give higher total fluxes? This would always be true unless fluxes were zero or negative in some months.
Line 706: Does the confidence interval 31 +/- 40 days mean that the lag was not significantly different from zero?
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RC2: 'Reply on RC1', Anonymous Referee #2, 27 Feb 2021
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The FLUXNET-CH4 database, presented by the manuscript, is a valuable asset to the global flux and modeling community. The dataset is openly accessible through the FLUXNET website.
I found the manuscript to be well written, though another round of editing may be helpful to make some sections more succinct (I noticed repetitive wording in a few places).
The methodologies are described clearly and are well tested. I appreciate that the authors offer gap-filled, in addition to non-gap-filled, data.
I found the data representative analyses (i.e., the dissimilarity and tower constituency maps) to be very useful in highlighting gaps in the placement of eddy covariance towers across bioclimatic space. I also appreciate the discussion of potential biases and uncertainty in the data.
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RC2: 'Reply on RC1', Anonymous Referee #2, 27 Feb 2021
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Kyle B. Delwiche et al.
Data sets
FLUXNET-CH4 AT-Neu Neustift Wohlfahrt, Georg, Albin Hammerle, and Lukas Hörtnagl https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669365
FLUXNET-CH4 BR-Npw Northern Pantanal Wetland Vourlitis, George, Higo Dalmagro, Jose de S. Nogueira, Mark Johnson, and Paulo Arruda https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669368
FLUXNET-CH4 BW-Gum Guma Helfter, Carole https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669370
FLUXNET-CH4 BW-Nxr Nxaraga Helfter, Carole https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669518
FLUXNET-CH4 CA-SCB Scotty Creek Bog Sonnentag, Oliver and Manuel Helbig https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669613
FLUXNET-CH4 CA-SCC Scotty Creek Landscape Sonnentag, Oliver and Manuel Helbig https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669628
FLUXNET-CH4 CH-Cha Chamau Hörtnagl, Lukas, Iris Feigenwinter, Kathrin Fuchs, Lutz Merbold, Nina Buchmann, Werner Eugster, Matthias Zeeman, Peter Pluess, Florian Käslin, Philip Meier, Patrick Koller, and Thomas Baur https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669629
FLUXNET-CH4 CH-Dav Davos Hörtnagl, Lukas, Regine Maier, Werner Eugster, Nina Buchmann, Carmen Emmel, Patrick Koller, Thomas Baur, Peter Pluess, Florian Käslin, and Philip Meier https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669631
FLUXNET-CH4 CN-Hgu Hongyuan Niu, Shuli and Weinan Chen https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669632
FLUXNET-CH4 DE-Dgw Dagowsee Sachs, Torsten, Christian Wille, and Eric Larmanou https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669633
FLUXNET-CH4 DE-Hte Huetelmoor Koebsch, Franziska and Gerald Jurasinski https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669634
FLUXNET-CH4 DE-SfN Schechenfilz Nord Klatt, Janina, Hans Peter Schmid, Matthias Mauder, and Rainer Steinbrecher https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669635
FLUXNET-CH4 DE-Zrk Zarnekow Sachs, Torsten, Christian Wille, Eric Larmanou, and Daniela Franz https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669636
FLUXNET-CH4 FI-Hyy Hyytiala Mammarella, Ivan, Timo Vesala, Petri Keronen, Pasi Kolari, Samuli Launiainen, Jukka Pumpanen, Üllar Rannik, Erkki Siivola, Janne Levula, and Toivo Pohja https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669637
FLUXNET-CH4 FI-Lom Lompolojankka Aurela, Mika, Annalea Lohila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Juha Hatakka, Juuso Rainne, Timo Mäkelä, and Tuomas Lauria https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669638
FLUXNET-CH4 FI-Si2 Siikaneva-2 Bog Vesala, Timo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Ivan Mammarella, and Pavel Alekseychik https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669639
FLUXNET-CH4 FR-LGt La Guette Jacotot, Adrien, Sébastien Gogo, and Fatima Laggoun-Défarge https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669640
FLUXNET-CH4 HK-MPM Mai Po Mangrove Lai, Derrick Y. F. and Jiangong Liu https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669642
FLUXNET-CH4 ID-Pag Palangkaraya undrained forest Sakabe, Ayaka, Masayuki Itoh, Takashi Hirano, and Kitso Kusin https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669643
FLUXNET-CH4 IT-BCi Borgo Cioffi Magliulo, Vincenzo, Paul Di Tommasi, Daniela Famulari, Daniele Gasbarra, Luca Vitale, Antonio Manco, Ferdinando di Matteo, Andrea Esposito, and Maurizio Tosca https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669644
FLUXNET-CH4 IT-Cas Castellaro Manca, Giovanni and Ignacio Goded https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669645
FLUXNET-CH4 JP-BBY Bibai bog Ueyama, Masahito, Takashi Hirano, and Yasuhiro Kominami https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669646
FLUXNET-CH4 JP-Mse Mase rice paddy field Iwata, Hiroki https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669647
FLUXNET-CH4 JP-SwL Suwa Lake Iwata, Hiroki https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669648
FLUXNET-CH4 KR-CRK Cheorwon Rice paddy Ryu, Youngryel, Minseok Kang, and Jongho Kim https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669649
FLUXNET-CH4 MY-MLM Maludam National Park Tang, Angela Che Ing, Guan Xhuan Wong, Lulie Melling, Edward Baran Aeries, Joseph Wenceslaus Waili, Kevin Kemudang Musin, Kim San Lo, and Frankie Kiew https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669650
FLUXNET-CH4 NL-Hor Horstermeer Dolman, Han, Dimmie Hendriks, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Joshua Dean, and Ko van Huissteden https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669651
FLUXNET-CH4 NZ-Kop Kopuatai Campbell, David and Jordan Goodrich https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669652
FLUXNET-CH4 PH-RiF Philippines Rice Institute flooded Alberto, Maricar and Reiner Wassmann https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669653
FLUXNET-CH4 RU-Ch2 Chersky reference Goeckede, Mathias https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669654
FLUXNET-CH4 RU-Che Cherski Merbold, Lutz, Corinna Rebmann, and Chiara Corradi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669655
FLUXNET-CH4 RU-Cok Chokurdakh Dolman, Han, Michiel van der Molen, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Joshua Dean, Ko van Huissteden, and Trofim Maximov https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669656
FLUXNET-CH4 RU-Fy2 Fyodorovskoye dry spruce Varlagin, Andrej https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669657
FLUXNET-CH4 SE-Deg Degero Nilsson, Mats B. and Matthias Peichl https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669659
FLUXNET-CH4 UK-LBT London_BT Helfter, Carole https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1670207
FLUXNET-CH4 US-A03 ARM-AMF3-Oliktok Billesbach, Dave and Ryan Sullivan https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669661
FLUXNET-CH4 US-A10 ARM-NSA-Barrow Billesbach, Dave and Ryan Sullivan https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669662
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Atq Atqasuk Zona, Donatella and Walter C. Oechel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669663
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Beo Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) tower Zona, Donatella and Walter C. Oechel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669664
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Bes Barrow-Bes (Biocomplexity Experiment South tower) Zona, Donatella and Walter C. Oechel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669665
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Bi1 Bouldin Island Alfalfa Rey-Sanchez, Camilo, Daphne Szutu, Robert Shortt, Samuel D. Chamberlain, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669666
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Bi2 Bouldin Island corn Rey-Sanchez, Camilo, Daphne Szutu, Kyle Hemes, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669667
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZB Bonanza Creek Thermokarst Bog Euskirchen, Eugenie and Colin Edgar https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669668
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZF Bonanza Creek Rich Fen Euskirchen, Eugenie and Colin Edgar https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669669
FLUXNET-CH4 US-BZS Bonanza Creek Black Spruce Euskirchen, Eugenie and Colin Edgar https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669670
FLUXNET-CH4 US-CRT Curtice Walter-Berger cropland Chen, Jiquan and Housen Chu https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669671
FLUXNET-CH4 US-DPW Disney Wilderness Preserve Wetland Hinkle, Charles Ross and Rosvel Bracho https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669672
FLUXNET-CH4 US-EDN Eden Landing Ecological Reserve Oikawa, Patty https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669673
FLUXNET-CH4 US-EML Eight Mile Lake Permafrost thaw gradient, Healy Alaska Schuur, E. A. https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669674
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Ho1 Howland Forest (main tower). Richardson, Andrew D. and David Y. Hollinger https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669675
FLUXNET-CH4 US-HRA Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field A Runkle, Benjamin, Michele Reba, and Kosana Suvocarev https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669676
FLUXNET-CH4 US-HRC Humnoke Farm Rice Field – Field C Reba, Michele, Benjamin Runkle, and Kosana Suvocarev https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669677
FLUXNET-CH4 US-ICs Imnavait Creek Watershed Wet Sedge Tundra Euskirchen, Eugenie, Marion Bret-Harte, and Colin Edgar https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669678
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Ivo Ivotuk Zona, Donatella and Walter C. Oechel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669679
FLUXNET-CH4 US-LA1 Pointe-aux-Chenes Brackish Marsh Holm, Guerry O., Brian C. Perez, David E. McWhorter, Ken W. Krauss, Richard C. Raynie, and Charles J. Killebrew https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669680
FLUXNET-CH4 US-LA2 Salvador WMA Freshwater Marsh Holm, Guerry O., Brian C. Perez, David E. McWhorter, Ken W. Krauss, Richard C. Raynie, and Charles J. Killebrew https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669681
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Los Lost Creek Desai, Ankur R. and Jonathan Thom https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669682
FLUXNET-CH4 US-MAC MacArthur Agro-Ecology Sparks, Jed P. https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669683
FLUXNET-CH4 US-MRM Marsh Resource Meadowlands Mitigation Bank Schafer, Karina https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669684
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Myb Mayberry Wetland Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, Cove Sturtevant, Patty Oikawa, Samuel D. Chamberlain, Daphne Szutu, Ariane Arias Ortiz, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669685
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NC4 NC_AlligatorRiver Noormets, Asko, John King, Bhaskar Mitra, Guofang Miao, Maricar Aguilos, Kevan Minick, Prajaya Prajapati, Jean-Christophe Domec, Jonathan Furst, and Maxwell Wightman https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669686
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NGB NGEE Arctic Barrow Torn, Margaret and Sigrid Dengel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669687
FLUXNET-CH4 US-NGC NGEE Arctic Council Torn, Margaret and Sigrid Dengel https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669688
FLUXNET-CH4 US-ORv Olentangy River Wetland Research Park Bohrer, Gil and Timothy H. Morin https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669689
FLUXNET-CH4 US-OWC Old Woman Creek Bohrer, Gil, Janice Kerns, Timothy H. Morin, A. Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Jorge Villa, and Yang Ju https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669690
FLUXNET-CH4 US-PFa Park Falls/WLEF Desai, Ankur R. and Jonathan Thom https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669691
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Snd Sherman Island Detto, Matteo, Cove Sturtevant, Patty Oikawa, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669692
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Sne Sherman Island Restored Wetland Shortt, Robert, Kyle Hemes, Daphne Szutu, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669693
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Srr Suisun marsh - Rush Ranch Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Brian Bergamaschi, Sara Knox, Frank Anderson, and Kyle Nakatsuka https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669694
FLUXNET-CH4 US-StJ St Jones Reserve Vazquez-Lule, Alma and Rodrigo Vargas https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669695
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw1 Twitchell Wetland West Pond Valach, Alex, Daphne Szutu, Elke Eichelmann, Sara Knox, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669696
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw3 Twitchell Alfalfa. Chamberlain, Samuel D., Patty Oikawa, Cove Sturtevant, Daphne Szutu, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669697
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw4 Twitchell East End Wetland Eichelmann, Elke, Sara Knox, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Alex Valach, Cove Sturtevant, Daphne Szutu, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669698
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Tw5 East Pond Wetland Valach, Alex, Kuno Kasak, Daphne Szutu, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669699
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Twt Twitchell Island Knox, Sara, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Joseph Verfaillie, and Dennis Baldocchi https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669700
FLUXNET-CH4 US-Uaf University of Alaska, Fairbanks Iwata, Hiroki, Masahito Ueyama, and Yoshinobu Harazono https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669701
FLUXNET-CH4 US-WPT Winous Point North Marsh Chen, Jiquan and Housen Chu https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669702
FLUXNET-CH4 CH-Oe2 Oensingen crop Hörtnagl, Lukas, Regine Maier, Werner Eugster, Nina Buchmann, Carmen Emmel, Patrick Koller, Thomas Baur, Peter Pluess, Florian Käslin, and Philip Meier https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669631
FLUXNET-CH4 FI-Sii Siikaneva Vesala, Timo, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Ivan Mammarella, and Janne Rinne https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1669640
Kyle B. Delwiche et al.
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