<p>Atmospheric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a potent greenhouse gas that is strongly influenced by several human activities. China, as one of the major agricultural and energy production countries, e.g., rice cultivation, ruminant feeding and coal production, contributes considerably to the global anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Understanding the characteristics of China's CH<sub>4</sub> emissions is necessary for interpreting source contributions and for further climate change mitigation. However, the scarcity of data from some sources or years and spatially explicit information pose great challenges to completing an analysis of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of China's anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by synthesizing most of the currently available data (12 inventories). The results show that anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions differ widely among inventories, with values ranging from 41.9–57.5 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>−1</sup> in 2010. The discrepancy primarily resulted from the energy sector (27.3–60.0 % of total emissions), followed by the agricultural (26.9–50.8 %), and waste treatment (8.1–21.2 %) sectors. Temporally, emissions among inventories stabilized in the 1990s, but increased significantly thereafter, with annual average growth rates (AAGRs) of 1.8–3.9 % during 2000–2010, but slower AAGRs of 0.5–2.2 % during 2011–2015. Spatially, the growth of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions could be attributed mostly to an increase in emissions from the energy sector (mainly from coal mining) in the northern and central inland regions, followed by waste treatment in the southern and eastern regions. The availability of detailed activity data for sectors or subsectors and the use of region-specific emission factors play important roles in understanding source contributions, and reducing the uncertainty of bottom-up inventories.</p>